中国农村微观组织的变迁与功能分化

建国以来，中国农村微观组织的变迁经历了“人民公社——村民委员会一村民委员会＋农民专业合作社”三种主要的模式，在这一过程中，全能型的农村微观组织形式被打破，经济功能分化出来，逐步演变为独立、合法的微观性经济组织。推进农村微观组织的功能的进一步分化，特别是培育农村政治性微观组织，分担和承接村民委员会无力完成的农村社会公共管理职能，有利于促进社会主义新农村建设的发展。     

论党的执政中介：党组

党组是落实党的领导和执政的中介机构,是把党的领导和执政贯彻到非党领导机关中的桥梁和纽带。应当以历史的视角、开放的眼光和改革的精神,系统梳理党组的历史发展轨迹,切实解决好党组的理论架构问题,充分开发党组的制度性功能和潜能,以党组的作用发挥拉动党的领导方式和执政方式的变革。     

Frontal sinus accuracy in identification as measured by false positives in kin groups

The aims of this study were to verify if frontal sinuses can uniquely identify individuals belonging to family groups using Cameriere methods and to test if kinship can affect the proportion of erroneous identifications. For this purpose, we compared the proportion of false-positive identifications in a sample of 99 individuals within 20 families with a control sample of 98 other individuals without kinship. The results show that the combined use of SOR and the Yoshino code number allows personal identification with a small probability of false positives (p < 10(-6)), even when kinship is taken into account. The present research confirms the importance of studying anthropological frameworks for identification, which leads to reliable methods and allows for both quick and economic procedures.     

Effectiveness of Functional Family Therapy for Mandated Versus Non‐Mandated Youth

This study compares the outcomes for youth mandated to participate in Functional Family Therapy (FFT) to those whose participation was referred but voluntary. FFT is a short‐term intervention for delinquents and status offenders, along with their parents. The study sample consists of 120 cases: 70 youth and parents who were mandated by the Family Court to participate in FFT and 50 youth and their parents who were referred to FFT by other agencies. The sample is diverse in terms of gender, race and ethnicity. The outcome variables consist of a set of scales obtained from the Strengths and Needs Assessment (SNA). Changes in life domain functioning, child strengths, acculturation, caregivers' strengths, caregivers' needs, child behavioral emotional needs, and child risk behaviors are assessed. The analysis indicates that both groups improved across all domains. Overall, being mandated to participate in FFT does not predict greater improvements in outcomes. The findings suggest that status offenders and minor delinquents who participated in FFT could be processed less formally without foregoing the therapy outcomes.     

Cardiac Inhibitory Reflex as a Cause/Mechanism of Death

The role of cardiac inhibitory reflex as a potential cause of death is still a matter of debate. This study reports two cases of death under unusual circumstances. Case 1 corresponds to a man found hanging where the role of ligature compression of the carotid sinus became relevant as a possible explanation of death. In Case 2, the participation of a vasovagal syncope was clearly triggered by the laryngoscopic procedure. It is proposed that cardiac inhibitory reflex should be taken into account in those cases of unexpected death, which fulfills the following three criteria: (i) The investigation of the circumstances of the death is consistent with a hypothesis of cardiac arrest. (ii) A typical triggering peripheral stimulus is present. (iii) The performance of a complete autopsy cannot rule out the participation of a cardiac inhibitory reflex in the cause of death.     

Total Situs Inversus Found Coincidentally Following a Firearm Injury

Situs inversus totalis is very rare and usually diagnosed coincidentally as it does not affect the patient's life. Being unaware of the patient's condition can lead to undesirable results from the surgeon and patient's point of view when an emergency and forensic surgical intervention is required. We present a case who was operated on urgently for a firearm injury after receiving a preoperative diagnosis of situs inversus totalis. In conclusion, situs inversus totalis can cause difficulties for surgeons in case of emergency surgery and is usually diagnosed coincidentally. There are a few cases of situs inversus with lung cancer in the literature but this is the first time a case with a firearm injury has been reported.     

汉族群体额窦形态特征的研究

目的观察汉族群体额窦的形态结构特征,开发用于个人识别的额窦观察指标。方法应用AdobeImageReady软件分析额窦,观察24项指标,利用数字编码描述和分类额窦。结果观察227例样本,其中94例样本双侧额窦存在,及一侧存在至少两个弓形峰。24项指标的变异度和个人识别率为0.022-0.901,24项指标累计个人识别率为0.992。结论24项指标在不同个体变异较大,可用于个人识别。     

Fatal Complications of Aesthetic Techniques: The Gluteal Region

Cosmetic procedures are common and utilize many techniques to obtain aesthetically good outcomes for patient satisfaction with acceptable safety standards. Cosmetic procedures that involve the gluteal region are becoming increasingly popular as various procedures can target the gluteal region such as liposuction, tumescent liposuction, cosmetic filler injections, autologous fat transfer, depot drug delivery, and implants. Complications of cosmetic gluteal procedures can be localized or systemic with systemic complications being responsible for most deaths. These reported systemic complications include sepsis, thromboembolism, fat embolism with or without fat embolism syndrome, macroscopic fat embolism, anesthesia‐related and blood volume abnormalities. We herein report 10 deaths due to elective gluteal cosmetic procedures. Autologous fat transfer (fat grafting, lipoinjection) following liposuction resulted in 8 of 10 fatal outcomes of the gluteal aesthetic procedures. A comprehensive discussion of gluteal anatomy, gluteal contouring procedures, and the approach to such cases is presented along with the autopsy findings of the reported cases.     

SILENT CHANGES: TRANSSEXUALS’ RIGHT TO MARRY IN CHINA’S MAINLAND AND HONG KONG

In comparison to the arduous process of rights advocacy in Hong Kong, transsexuals in China’s mainland achieved their right to marry via some “silent changes”: there was no legal activism from transsexual communities, no debates or hearings in the legislature, and no landmark judgments made by the judiciary. From a perspective of comparative law, this article attempts to analyze the legal changes regarding transsexuals’ right to marry in China’s mainland in light of the struggles in Hong Kong. It endeavors to discuss to what extent the seemingly “smooth” and “unintended” way of opening up marriage to transsexuals in China’s mainland could be beneficial to trans rights and equality in general.     

变性手术法律问题研究

变性手术作为易性病的治疗手段应当予以认可,但因无相应法律规定,该领域呈无序状态,既不利于患者权益的保护,更造成某些法律关系的混乱.通过研究国外相关立法及国内手术专家的临床做法,从法律、人权和医学的角度,对变性手术适应症、变性手术条件和法律程序提出建议.该建议具有科学性和可操作性,旨在为变性手术的相关立法做有益探讨.