对“参与式”政府绩效评估制度的评估

近年来,以大规模公众参与为特征的民众评价政府绩效的活动在实践中得到广泛尝试。这种绩效评价模式可称之为“参与式政府绩效评价”,其主要表现是通过网络和问卷方式,由公众对政府绩效进行评价,其目的是提升行政活动的民主正当性。但是,参与式绩效评价在实践中并没有兑现其制度设计的预期目标。其原因主要在于这种参与式绩效评价模式缺乏必要的程序性保障机制,导致制度实践的功能障碍。     

当前村级党组织功能弱化的表现及其逻辑——基于湖北H村调查

调查发现，在一些纯农业型地区的村庄，税费取消后，由于党组织与农民之间硬性关联不存在后，党组织与农民群众的关系也逐渐疏远，党组织功能较税费时期明显弱化。主要表现为政治领导功能弱化、服务群众功能弱化、利益整合功能弱化、政治录用人才功能弱化；而党组织自身建设滞后和党建脱离群众路线共同形塑了当前村级党组织功能弱化的内在逻辑。当前，在村级党组织与农民不再发生紧密关联的情况下，如何建立一套行之有效的考核机制，使党建转化为党组织的自觉行动，以更好的发挥村级党组织功能，是当前农村党建面临的一个重大课题。     

我国土地行政复议的检视与省思

土地行政纠纷是行政争议中的难点和重点,能否妥善化解土地行政争议直接关系到政府的权威和公信力。作为解决土地行政争议的法定渠道之一,土地行政复议因其灵活、便捷、经济、高效的优势发挥着不可替代的作用,成为集中反映我国行政复议整体现状的一面镜子。土地行政复议的不足之处主要表现为功能定位不清、受案范围狭窄和问责制度不健全,对此,我国应当打造土地行政复议的龙头地位,明确"以化解争议为主,附带实现权利救济和自我纠错"的功能定位,同时拓宽受案范围,规范问责体系。     

论充分发挥公安机关在处置群体性事件中的职能作用

当前,随着改革开放的不断深入,各种社会矛盾和社会热点问题不断增多,敌对分子、敌对势力蓄意插手利用,由此引发各类群体性事件不断增多,成为影响社会主义和谐社会的一大问题。为了维护社会稳定,公安机关在群体性事件处置中应当充分发挥职能作用。     

电针和半夏泻心汤对功能性消化不良大鼠胃肠电图的影响

目的 :探讨电针和半夏泻心汤对功能性消化不良 (functionaldyspepsia ,FD)大鼠胃肠电图节律的影响。方法 :夹尾刺激复制FD大鼠模型 ,电针“足三里”穴和半夏泻心汤灌胃 ,并记录胃肠电图 ,观察分析各组大鼠胃肠电图参数改变及规律。结果 :与正常组比较 ,模型组胃体、胃窦部胃电图的频率、幅值均明显降低 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ,变异系数即波形不规则程度增大 ;结肠肠电图的频率、幅值均明显增高 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ,变异系数即波形不规则程度增大。电针、中药以及电针 +中药均可改善上述指标 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。结论 :电针、半夏泻心汤均可改善胃肠动力、协调胃肠运动。     

Sexual Dimorphism of Maxillary Sinus Dimensions Using Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography

Sex determination of unknown persons plays an important role in forensic medicine. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an excellent imaging modality for accurate measurement of maxillary sinus dimensions. This study aimed to evaluate whether maxillary sinus measurements on CBCT scans can be applied for sex determination. The width, length, and height of maxillary sinuses in CBCT images of 100 patients (50 males and 50 females) were measured. Student's t‐test and discriminant function analysis were used to compare differences in the measured parameters between males and females. The correct predictive accuracy rate of sex determination was 78% in females and 74% in males with overall accuracy of 76%. Based on discriminant analysis, the most pronounced variable in differentiation of sex groups was maxillary sinus height. This study suggests that maxillary sinus measurements can be valuable for sex determination in forensic investigation, especially for cases in which other traditional methods are not applicable.     

Fatal Fat Embolism After Penis Enlargement by Autologous Fat Transfer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Fat embolism is an incidental finding in cases of long bone fractures or other trauma, but it is also associated with liposuction and autologous fat transfer, a procedure where fat from liposuction is injected back into the same patient's face, breast, buttocks or penis. We here present a case of sudden death by fat embolism in a healthy young male, caused by a simple penis enlargement procedure, in which fat was injected into the penis shaft. We suggest that the risk of fat embolization might be higher when pretraumatized tissue is subjected to fat injection, like in this case, where a penis elongation was performed before the fat injection.     

Who's Your Daddy?: The Marital Presumption of Legitimacy in the Modern World and its Application to Same‐Sex Couples

Recently, the definition of marriage has been significantly altered. No longer do we find ourselves exclusively in the midst of “traditional marriage” between one man and one woman. Instead, everywhere we experience different kinds of marriages and diverse, nontraditional families. The United States has finally caught up to many advanced democracies in universally recognizing same‐sex marriage through the Supreme Court's decision in Obergefell v. Hodges. However, the next question remains unanswered: what about families of same‐sex couples? This Note explores the nature of same‐sex couples, their families, and in particular, their children. It addresses the issue of the marital presumption of legitimacy and encourages its application to all legally recognized married couples regardless of sexual orientation and biology. Even though prior to Obergefell some states were unwilling to apply the presumption, since the implementation of marriage equality, the next logical step would be to utilize the presumption to ensure that all parents, regardless of gender, are recognized and families are preserved.     

Sex Estimation from Human Cranium: Forensic and Anthropological Interest of Maxillary Sinus Volumes

Sex estimation is a key objective of forensic science. We aimed to establish whether maxillary sinus volumes (MSV) could assist in estimating an individual's sex. One hundred and three CT scans were included. MSV were determined using three‐dimensional reconstructions. Two observers performed three‐dimensional MSV reconstructions using the same methods. Intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility were statistically compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (α = 5%). Both intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility were perfect regarding MSV; both ICCs were 100%. There were no significant differences between right and left MSV (p = 0.083). No correlation was found between age and MSV (p > 0.05). We demonstrated the existence of sexual dimorphism in MSV (p < 0.001) and showed that MSV measurements gave a 68% rate of correct allocations to sex group. MSV measurements could be useful to support sex estimation in forensic medicine.     

Functional anonymisation: Personal data and the data environment

Anonymisation of personal data has a long history stemming from the expansion of the types of data products routinely provided by National Statistical Institutes. Variants on anonymisation have received serious criticism reinforced by much-publicised apparent failures. We argue that both the operators of such schemes and their critics have become confused by being overly focused on the properties of the data itself. We claim that, far from being able to determine whether data is anonymous (and therefore non-personal) by looking at the data alone, any anonymisation technique worthy of the name must take account of not only the data but also its environment.This paper proposes an alternative formulation called functional anonymisation that focuses on the relationship between the data and the environment within which the data exists (the data environment). We provide a formulation for describing the relationship between the data and its environment that links the legal notion of personal data with the statistical notion of disclosure control. Anonymisation, properly conceived and effectively conducted, can be a critical part of the toolkit of the privacy-respecting data controller and the wider remit of providing accurate and usable data.