毛细管电泳高频电导法检测饮料中γ-羟基丁酸

目的建立饮料中γ-羟基丁酸（GHB）的毛细管电泳高频电导法检测分析方法。方法样品经稀释后直接进样,采用反向分离模式,以0.5mmol/LNa3PO4＋1.5mmol/LNa2HPO4＋0.1mmol/LCTAB为电泳分离缓冲介质,分离电压为16kV,进样时间为20s进行电泳分离及高频电导检测。结果该实验条件下,6.5min内可实现样品快速分析。GHB在10.0～150μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,r=0.990,检出限为3.0μg/mL（S/N=3）。选择的3种饮料样本不同添加浓度日间和日内RSD均小于6%,回收率均在95%以上。结论采用本文方法,样品处理简单,方法快速、灵敏,操作方便,可作为饮料中GHB的一种快速筛选法在相关检测中选用。     

Fundamental models for forecasting elections at the state level

This paper develops new fundamental models for forecasting presidential, senatorial, and gubernatorial elections at the state level using fundamental data. Despite the fact that our models can be used to make forecasts of elections earlier than existing models and they do not use data from polls on voting intentions, our models have lower out-of-sample forecasting errors than existing models. Our models also provide early and accurate probabilities of victory. We obtain this accuracy by constructing new methods of incorporating various economic and political indicators into forecasting models. We also obtain new results about the relative importance of approval ratings, economic indicators, and midterm effects in the different types of races, how economic data can be most meaningfully incorporated in forecasting models, the effects of different types of candidate experience on election outcomes, and that second quarter data is as predictive of election outcomes as third quarter data.     

中国政府创新的趋势分析——基于五届"中国地方政府创新奖"获奖项目的量化研究

2000年以来,五届"中国地方政府创新奖"共有113个项目获奖。对这113个获奖项目的类型、分布和特征的分析,显示了过去十年以来中国政府创新的演变路径,反映了现阶段政府创新中存在的不足和问题,并在某种程度上展现了中国政府创新的发展趋势。     

试论少数民族基本文化权利的界定

文化权利在国际人权体系中构成特定的类别,其中的一个重要方面就是少数人群体(包括少数民族)保持其传统生活方式的权利(《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》第27条),本文将其称为少数民族基本文化权利。少数民族的文化自由包含于少数民族的基本文化权利之中,少数民族的基本文化权利又包含于集体文化权利之中。由于少数民族传统生活方式是少数民族传统文化的核心,因而少数民族保持其传统生活方式的权利应成为少数民族文化权利的核心,即少数民族基本文化权利。     

A database of mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions I and II sequences of individuals from Slovakia

In order to identify polymorphic positions and to determine their frequencies and the frequency of haplotypes in the human mitochondrial control region, two hypervariable regions (HV1 and HV2) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 374 unrelated individuals from Slovakia were amplified and sequenced. Sequence comparison led to the identification of 284 mitochondrial lineages as defined by 163 variable sites. Genetic diversity (GD) was estimated at 0.997 and the probability of two randomly selected individuals from population having identical mtDNA types (random match probability, RMP) for the both regions is 0.60%.     

西安汉人D1S80位点基因频率调查

利用PCR技术、小型聚丙烯酰胶凝胶电泳及银染法，检测D1S80位点的VNTR扩增片段长度多态性（Amp－FLP）。在175名无关的西安地区汉族人群中发现了22个等位基因，片段大小分布于320～750bp之间，频率分布为0．0057～03314，杂合度为82．3％，个人识别率（DP）为0.9588，非父排除率（EPP）为0．6704。对7个家系23名相关个体分析，证实DIS80位点的遗传符合孟德尔方式。已发现的64种基因型分布符合Hardg－Weinberg定律。     

Data processing by police and criminal justice authorities in Europe – The influence of the Commission's draft on the national police laws and laws of criminal procedure

The proposal for a fundamental reform of the European data protection law, published by the EU Commission on 25 January 2012 is composed of two elements. Apart from a General Data Protection Regulation, the Commission proposes a second regulatory instrument, namely a Directive with regard to data processing by police and criminal justice authorities that shall supersede the Council Framework Decision 2008/977/JHA. This paper seeks to analyse the draft Directive in the context of the entire reform approach and scrutinizes a number of specific issues in regard to the scope, the requirements of data processing, notification duties and data transfer to third countries.     

汉族12个STR位点群体遗传学调查

目的240个汉族无关个体12个STR位点基因频率调查及其法医学应用;方法采用12位点复合扩增及变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳基因分型;结果该系统12个STR基因位点在汉族人群中均为高识别率位点,特别适合于陈旧血痕检验;结论12位点STR-PCR复合扩增系统检测方法简便,经济实用,在法医个体识别和亲子鉴定中具有应用价值。     

从口供的重要性看刑讯逼供的原因

产生刑讯逼供的根本原因是讯问的合法性、口供的重要性,以及侦查中追求口供的态度;其直接原因是“如实供述”的义务和侦查人员的自由裁量权;现实原因是缺乏“非法证据排除规则”和对侦查讯问的有效监督。