Do drug users use less alcohol than non-drug users? A comparison of ethyl glucuronide concentrations in hair between the two groups in medico-legal cases

Two groups were selected from the remainder of hair samples that had been tested for drugs at TrichoTech for medico-legal cases: samples that tested negative (drug-negative group; N=42, age 33.4+/-7.2 years) and samples that tested positive for drugs (drug-positive group; N=57, age 32.5+/-8.8 years). A rapid, simple method to detect the ethanol metabolite, ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair has been developed. The hair samples were sectioned, and then submitted to overnight sonication in water. Samples then underwent SPE using anion exchange cartridges, followed by derivatisation with N,O-bis[trimethylsilyl]trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), before confirmation by GC-MS/MS. The assay produced excellent linearity and sensitivity over the calibration range 0.02-1.0 ng/mg, assuming a 10 mg hair sample. The mean age of the two groups was not statistically different (p=0.575, Student t-test), indicating a homogeneous group. Twelve of the 57 (21.0%) hair samples of the drug-positive group tested positive for EtG, and 17 of the 42 (40.5%) hair samples of the drug-negative group tested positive for EtG. The mean concentration of EtG in the drug-positive group was 0.011 ng/mg compared to 0.107 ng/mg in the drug-negative group. When the full results of this study were subjected to statistical analysis it was shown that EtG levels in the drug-negative group were statistically higher than those found in the drug-positive group (p<0.05). This preliminary finding may be of use in the study of addiction and adds valuable data to previous studies regarding the use of EtG as a valuable marker for alcohol levels in hair.     

固相萃取、气相色谱法测定拟除虫菊酯农药

研究了水样中的微量拟除虫菊酯农药用固相萃取(C18)、GC/ECD法进行测定结果表明,250ml空白水中添加2μg混标拟除虫菊酯农药,氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯回收率分别为37.7%、94.4%和78.2%.该方法简单快速、效果好,已成功应用于实际办案中.     

体液中常见滥用药物的系统筛选分析

本文建立了体液中常见滥用药物的筛选分析体系.尿液或血液经固相萃取(SPE)或液提取(LLE)后,直接用GC/NPD分析或经TFA、BSTFA衍生化后用GC/MS分析.方法适用于同时分析甲基苯丙胺、MDMA、度冷丁、去甲度冷丁、曲马多、美沙酮、EDDP、可卡因、苯甲酰芽子碱、可待因、安定、氯丙嗪、吗啡、单乙酰吗啡等十四种常见滥用药物及代谢物.SPE法和LLE法回收率分别为66～102%和50～86%,最低检出限为2-5ng/ml尿.涉毒案件的鉴定应用表明该分析方法简便、快速、可靠.     

论国有控股企业激励监控机制及其改进

国有企业股份制改造后存在的主要问题可归结于在公司治理结构方面存在着重大缺陷。包装式的股份制改革不可能解决存在于公司治理结构间的根本问题。公司治理的核心是建立并完善激励监控机制。由于公司各相关利益主体的制约,造成国有企业股份制改造后公司治理中存在不少问题,要结合国有企业实际,完善股份制企业治理结构。     

Identification of furosemide in hair in a post‐mortem case by UHPLC‐MS/MS with guidance on interpretation

Testing for drugs in hair raises several difficulties. Among them is the interpretation of the final concentration(s). In a post‐mortem case, analyses revealed the presence of furosemide (12 ng/mL) in femoral blood, although it was not part of the victim's treatment. The prosecutor requested our laboratory to undertake an additional analysis in hair to obtain information about the use of furosemide. A specific method was therefore developed and validated to identify and quantify furosemide in hair by UHPLC‐MS/MS. After decontamination of 30 mg of hair, incubation in acidic condition, extraction with ethyl acetate, the samples were analyzed by UHPLC‐MS/MS. Furosemide was found in the victim's hair at 225 pg/mg. However, it was not possible to interpret this concentration due to the absence of data in the literature. Therefore, the authors performed a controlled study in two parts. In order to establish the basis of interpretation, several volunteers were tested (four after a single 20 mg administration and twenty‐four under daily treatment). The first part indicated that a single dose is not detectable in hair using our method. The second part demonstrated concentrations ranging from 5 to 1110 pg/mg with no correlation between dosage and hair concentrations. The decedent's hair result was interpreted as repeated exposures. In the case of furosemide analysis, hair can provide information about its presence but cannot give information about dosage or frequency of use.     

人体毛发中硝甲西泮的HPLC-MS/MS检测

目的建立测定涉毒人员毛发样本中硝甲西泮的液相色谱-质谱/质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。方法对质谱主要参数进行优化,采用电喷雾多反应监测模式(MRM)测定不同浓度标准样品并建立标准曲线,通过准确度、灵敏度和实际案例检材的检验对方法进行评价。结果标准溶液最低检出限0.1ng/mL,线性范围宽,R²>0.999,空白毛发外添加标样回收率>80%。结论优化后的毛发样本中硝甲西泮的HPLC-MS/MS操作简便快捷,灵敏度高,重现性好,具备定性定量的适用性和可靠性。     

应用SPME-GL／MS检测放火现场中助燃剂的研究

运用GC/MS拜利用自制的萃取、加热装置,研究在纵火现场助燃剂一汽油、煤油、柴油检测中固相微萃取的萃取温度和萃取时间对检测灵敏度的影响,确定了适于实际检案中采用的萃取时间和萃取温度.此法测定汽油、煤油、柴油的检出限分别为0.65 pl/ml、1.63pl/ml和1.63 pl/ml.     

生物检材中的液化石油气成分的土顶空GC/MS分析

目的 建立测定人血中液化石油气(LPG)主要成分的定性定量方法。方法 将LPG添加到血中,用综合质谱图及保留时间定性、单离子法定量分析。结果LPG的7种主要成分血中最小检出限为12.8～31.3ng;仪器最小测量限为1.02～3.36ng。结论 土顶空-GC/MS法测定人血中LPG,简便、快速、准确,适用于LPG成分的检测。     

液相色谱质谱联用测定乌头碱在大鼠体内代谢产物

目的鉴定乌头碱在大鼠体内的主要代谢产物。方法灌胃给予雄性大鼠1.0mg/kg乌头碱后,收集24h尿液,固相萃取法提取,液相色谱-质谱法测定乌头碱及其代谢物。结果经与空白组对照发现给药后大鼠尿样中除乌头碱原体外还有4种代谢产物,并分别测得其准分子离子峰及其各级碎片离子。结论经与对照品比较及质谱断裂规律推断4个代谢产物分别为中乌头碱、16-O-去甲基乌头碱、16-O-去甲基中乌头碱、苯甲酰乌头碱。     

生物检材中有机磷农药的检验概述

从有机磷农药的性质、生物检材中有机磷农药的提取净化和分析检测等方面概述了生物检材中有机磷农药的检验研究现状。