木鳖子炮制前后脂肪油提取工艺及气相色谱-质谱联用分析研究

目的 优选木鳖子脂肪油的提取工艺,明确其炮制前后脂肪油成分“质”“量”差异,为木鳖子的炮制机制和质量控制提供依据。方法 采用L9（34）正交设计,以索氏提取法提取木鳖子脂肪油,通过设计料液比、提取时间、提取温度的不同因素水平,考察木鳖子脂肪油提取工艺;采用气相色谱-质谱联用法对木鳖子和木鳖子霜的脂肪油成分进行分析与鉴定,并通过多元统计方法分析木鳖子制霜前后脂肪油成分的变化,确定其差异性脂肪油。结果 优选出木鳖子脂肪油的最佳提取工艺为料液比为1∶40,提取时间为6 h,提取温度为85 ℃。木鳖子制霜后脂肪油的总量下降,但其成分类别无明显变化,共鉴定出14个脂肪油成分。通过对炮制前后14个脂肪油成分进行主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘判别分析,结合变量重要性投影贡献值,筛选得到8个含量具有显著变化的脂肪油成分。结论 木鳖子制霜后去油率为13%左右,脂肪油种类无明显变化,但多个脂肪油成分相对含量具有显著变化,木鳖子制霜后脂肪油成分变化对其质量和药效的影响需要进一步研究。     

复方苦参注射液生物碱类成分及血中移行成分的分析

目的 利用超高效液相色谱—电喷雾离子化—四极杆飞行时间质谱（ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,UHPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS）结合UNIFI构建靶向筛查策略分析复方苦参注射液（Compound Kushen Injection,CKI）的生物碱类成分及血中移行成分。方法 首先,采用ESI-QTOF/MS的全信息串联质谱技术采集经UHPLC分离的CKI样品及其空白样品、CKI给药后的大鼠血浆样品及空白血浆样品的信息;然后,建立CKI生物碱化学成分数据库,与MSE数据一同导入UNIFI进行靶向筛查;依据母离子、碎片离子的精确质量对筛查出的化合物进行识别;最后,使用MassLynx 4.1工作站对UNIFI输出的结果进行核实。结果 本实验共分离、鉴定了20种CKI生物碱,其中17种生物碱能在大鼠血浆中被检出。结论 该方法能够快速分析CKI生物碱类成分及其血中移行成分,可为CKI的质量控制及药效物质研究提供参考。     

茯苓不同部位16种元素分布规律研究

目的 测定茯苓的白茯苓、赤茯苓及茯苓皮3个部位的16种微量元素含量,分析茯苓不同部位元素分布规律.方法 采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定茯苓不同部位16种元素的含量,并对其进行非参数检验、因子分析及相关性分析.结果 大部分元素在茯苓皮中含量较高;不同部位中V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Zn、Rb、Sr、Mo、Cd、Cs、Ba、Pb元素含量差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),Co、Ni、Cu、As含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Cu、Cd、Zn、Ba元素是茯苓3个部位的特征性元素;大多数元素含量之间存在正相关关系(P<0.05).结论 茯苓不同部位对不同元素的吸收具有一定的选择性,不同部位的元素之间存在相关性.     

Lipidic compounds found in soils surrounding human decomposing bodies and its use in forensic investigations – A narrative review

Following decomposition of a human body, a variety of decomposition products, such as lipids, are released into the surrounding environment, e.g. soils. The long-lasting preservation in soils and their high diagnostic potential have been neglected in forensic research. Furthermore, little is known about the preservation, chemical transformation, or degradation of those human derived lipids in soils. To date, several studies identified various lipids such as long-chain free fatty acids and steroids in soils that contained decomposition fluids. Those lipids are preserved in soils over time and could serve as markers of human decomposition in forensic investigations, e.g. for estimating the post-mortem interval or identifying the burial location of a human body. Therefore, this review focuses on the current literature regarding fatty acid and steroid that have been detected in soils and associated with human body decomposition. After a short introduction about human decomposition processes, this review summarises fatty acid and steroid analysis applied in current case studies and studies related to taphonomic research. This review provides an overview of the available studies that have used fatty acids and steroids as identifiers of human decomposition fluid in soils in a forensic context and discusses the potential for developing this innovative field of research with direct application in a forensic context.