血液中64种常见有机氯菊酯类农药的快速筛查

目的建立人体血浆中64种有机氯菊酯类农药多残留的气相色谱（GC）快速筛查分析方法。方法空白人体静脉抗凝血用乙腈沉淀蛋白,乙酸乙酯∶环己烷（v/v,3∶1）进行液液萃取净化,使用HP-5色谱柱,采用气相色谱进行定性、定量分析。对方法进行优化并进行方法学评价。结果 64种农药在0.001~0.1μg/mL范围内线性关系均良好,相关系数在0.990 1~0.999 9之间。检出限在0.001~0.15μg/mL范围内,方法定量限在0.001~0.5μg/mL之间,回收率总体于80%~110%之间,相对标准偏差小于15%,方法检出限总体于0.01μg/mL以下,日内精密度在1.5%~11.5%之间,日间精密度在2.9%~13.9%之间。结论本文建立的人体血浆的农药多残留快速筛查测定法,符合农药残留分析方法的要求,可在相关研究和实践中选用。     

拓展历史编纂学研究之方法论思考

中国历史编纂学是正在建设的一门学科。拓展这一领域的研究,关键所在是不能将之视为单纯的技术问题,而亟须加强对其哲理层面的思考,深入发掘史学名著的成就,认真总结中国历史编纂学的优良传统和人文精神。当前尤应深入探索以下四项有效的研究途径:第一,贯彻发展观点,将创始时期的特征与以后的纵向发展联系起来考察;第二,确立整体观念,深入总结史学名著所蕴涵的深邃哲理与高度审美价值;第三,贯彻“历史主义”的观点和方法,克服偏颇之见;第四,运用比较研究方法,阐释传统史学精华在历史变局面前所具有的应变力。     

Automation of a screening polygraph test increases accuracy

Abstract

The present study examined the effects of automating the Relevant–Irrelevant (RI) psychophysiological detection of deception test within a mock-screening paradigm. Eighty participants, recruited from the local community, took part in the study. Experimental design was a 2 (truthful/deceptive) by 2 (human/automation) factorial. Participants in the deceptive conditions attempted deception on two items of an employment application. Examinations conducted with the automated polygraph examination were significantly more accurate than examinations conducted by the human polygraph examiner. Statistical analyses revealed different patterns of physiological responses to deceptive items depending upon the automation condition. Those results have potentially interesting theoretical implications. The results of the present study are clearly supportive of additional efforts to develop a field application of an automated polygraph examination.     

The GATT‐WTO system: Environmental friend or Foe?

Abstract

The GATT‐WTO system has been attacked for being at best indifferent to the environment and at worst hostile to it. However, rather than being an environmental foe, the GATT‐WTO system is environmentally‐friendly in many respects. Several World Trade Organization agreements — the Agreement on Agriculture, the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures — not only permit but encourage WTO member‐countries to implement national programs and laws to protect the environment free from WTO interference. Multilateral initiatives through organizations such as the WTO, as opposed to unilateral bullying, are the surest way of securing robust legal protections for the environment.     

民法总则的使命及其应规范之内涵——以中国民法总则草案为探讨中心

所有现代欧陆民法法典,不论是法国民法典、德国民法典,抑或是继承两民法典之法典以及参考两民法典之法典,均设有民法总则之规定。中国最近有制定民法总则的计划,并已提出建议稿,但此前已经有了9个单行之民法法律规范,构建了松散型的民法典体例,而民法总则属于一体型民法典之构成部分,这就需要对以往民法法律规范重新整合。结合中国民法总则草案建议稿,对民法总则应加以规范之内容,以及法律原则、权利能力和行为能力、法人、民事客体、法律事实、民事责任等具体规范加以分析探讨,以期为制定科学合理的民法总则提供参考。     

The EU Proposal for a General Data Protection Regulation and the roots of the ‘right to be forgotten’

The EU Proposal for a General Data Protection Regulation has caused a wide debate between lawyers and legal scholars and many opinions have been voiced on the issue of the right to be forgotten. In order to analyse the relevance of the new rule provided by Article 17 of the Proposal, this paper considers the original idea of the right to be forgotten, pre-existing in both European and U.S. legal frameworks. This article focuses on the new provisions of Article 17 of the EU Proposal for a General Data Protection Regulation and evaluates its effects on court decisions. The author assumes that the new provisions do not seem to represent a revolutionary change to the existing rules with regard to the right granted to the individual, but instead have an impact on the extension of the protection of the information disseminated on-line.     

民法编纂背景下侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益：信息自决权——以刑民一体化及《民法总则》第111条为视角

为避免法益概念的抽象化并充分发挥法益限制处罚的机能，在已确定侵犯公民个人信息罪保护法益为个人信息权的前提下还应将之具体化。在民法编纂背景下，基于刑民一体化视角与法秩序统一性原理，并结合《民法总则》第111条的规定，侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益是个人信息权中的信息自决权。分析欧美两大模式个人信息保护的理论源头，个人信息的使用体现出信息主体的意志力，具有赋权效果，以信息自决权作为该罪法益可突出个人信息权在理论源头上与人的尊严和自由密切相关性。基于民法要扩张刑法要谦抑的理念，侵犯公民个人信息罪所保护的也不是等同于民事权利的个人信息权，而是其中最重要的权利即个人信息自决权；以信息自决权作为侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益，正是对刑法一般性的自我决定权的丰富和发展，并能充分发挥刑法保护公民自由等个人法益之机能。信息自决权司法实践中具有甄别值得处罚的侵犯公民个人信息行为的机能。     

副鸡嗜血杆菌基因文库的构建与筛选

为了筛选副鸡嗜血杆菌的体内表达基因,提取了副鸡嗜血杆菌的全基因组,构建了副鸡嗜血杆菌基因组的pET系统表达文库。运用PCR及核酸内切酶(SalⅠ+NdeⅠ)鉴定基因文库,并以病原菌吸附后的康复血清作为探针,采用菌落原位杂交的方法对基因文库进行筛选。结果显示,重组质粒中有0.5～2kb的片段插入,99%的基因包含在基因文库中;重复筛选后得到的阳性克隆再经过PCR与SalⅠ+NdeⅠ酶切鉴定后定向测序,并对测序结果在NCBI上进行分析后发现筛选获得的基因中,有1个表达为转运谷氨酰还原酶、1个表达为转录终止因子,1个表达为荚膜合成域2,还有2个表达为保守假想蛋白。结果表明,本研究应用体内诱导抗原技术(IVIAT)筛选到了一些副鸡嗜血杆菌体内诱导表达基因,并对基因的功能做了初步探讨,在找寻副鸡嗜血杆菌在体内生存以及致病关键基因的道路上前进了一步,为传染性鼻炎的预防和治疗积累了有价值的资料。     

LC-MS/MS-MRM筛选血液中22种有毒生物碱成分

目的建立液相色谱-串联质谱法对血液中的22种常见有毒生物碱成分进行筛选分析。方法血液以丁丙诺菲为内标经液液提取后,用液相色谱-串联质谱仪以电喷雾电离(ESI )、多反应监测(MRM)方式进行分析。结果以化合物的保留时间、两对母离子/子离子对定性,最低检出限为0.1～20ng/mL。结论该方法选择性佳、灵敏度高,适用于法医毒物分析和临床毒物分析中有毒生物碱的分析。     

The price of non-compliance with the Kyoto Protocol: The remarkable case of Norway

One of the ways to induce compliance is for an international enforcement mechanism to authorize the use of punitive consequences against a non-compliant country. However, such consequences should not cause significant damage to other (compliant) countries. The compliance mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol fails to meet this requirement. The Enforcement Branch of the Compliance Committee is instructed to impose punitive consequences on a non-compliant country that will have considerable adverse welfare effects for compliant countries as well. Using a numerical model, we show that in the case of Norway, the welfare effects can actually be worse if another country is punished than if Norway itself is punished.