The Masculine Yardstick of Physical Competence: U.S. Police Academy Fitness Tests

State and local law enforcement training academies differ in a myriad of ways, including the content of their classes, the type of instruction received, and the tests mandated for graduation. The focus of this study is the physical fitness test and how it affects the proportion of women to men matriculating from these academies. A predictive model of academy completion rates is derived from a sample of 96 police training academies. The presence of gendered physical testing requirements was found to be positively related to the proportion of women to men graduating from training. In addition to the empirical models, data on the specific content of these tests are provided. The variability of tests suggests that gendered physical requirements are an illusionary panacea, as they do not address the fundamental assumptions of the tests themselves.     

Big genetic data and its big data protection challenges

The use of various forms of big data have revolutionised scientific research. This includes research in the field of genetics in areas ranging from medical research to anthropology. Developments in this area have inter alia been characterised by the ability to sequence genome wide sequences (GWS) cheaply, the ability to share and combine with other forms of complimentary data and ever more powerful processing techniques that have become possible given tremendous increases in computing power. Given that many if not most of these techniques will make use of personal data it is necessary to take into account data protection law. This article looks at challenges for researchers that will be presented by the EU's General Data Protection Regulation, which will be in effect from May 2018. The very nature of research with big data in general and genetic data in particular means that in many instances compliance will be onerous, whilst in others it may even be difficult to envisage how compliance may be possible. Compliance concerns include issues relating to ‘purpose limitation’, ‘data minimisation’ and ‘storage limitation’. Other requirements, including the need to facilitate data subject rights and potentially conduct a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) may provide further complications for researchers. Further critical issues to consider include the choice of legal base: whether to opt for what is often seen as the ‘default option’ (i.e. consent) or to process under the so called ‘scientific research exception’. Each presents its own challenges (including the likely need to gain ethical approval) and opportunities that will have to be considered according to the particular context in question.     

武汉汉族人群STR基因座D3S1358、D13S317、D12S391的多态性研究

目的　调查中国武汉地区汉族人群STR基因座—D3S1 358、D1 3S31 7、D1 2S391基因频率分布和群体遗传数据。方法　从 2 0 8个汉族无关个体收集血液标本 ,应用PCR技术及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳对D3S1 358、D1 3S31 7和D1 2S391基因座分型。结果　D3S1 358检出 7个等位基因和 4 1个基因型。三基因座基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。观察 2 31次减数分裂均未发现突变基因。另外 ,调查结果计算显示D3S1 358、D1 3S31 7和D1 2S391基因座的杂合度 (H)分别为 0 70 98、 0 80 56和 0 84 0 0 ;三个人识别能力 (DP)分别为 0 851 6、 0 9332和 0 952 3;非父排除率 ( pE)分别为 0 4 463、 0 60 1 6和 0 681 8。结论　D3S1 358、D1 3S31 7和D1 2S391基因座在群体遗传学研究和法医学亲子鉴定及个人识别中具有较高实用价值     

武汉汉族4个Y-STR基因座遗传多态性调查

目的　调查汉族人群DYS19、GATA A10、GATA A7 2和DYS4 5 8Y染色体STR基因座的遗传多态性。方法　利用PCR和PAGE技术对 16 0例无关男性血样进行 4个Y STR基因座分型。结果　 4个Y STR基因座群体调查分别发现 5、5、6和 9个等位基因 ,基因座GD值分别为 0 6 36 5、0 6 996、0 6 377和 0 82 39。共检出 10 7种单倍型、单倍型GD值为 0 986 7。结论　 4个Y STR基因座均具有较高的遗传多态性 ,在法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定有实用价值     

广州汉族群体DYS391基因座多态性分析

目的探讨Y—STR基因座DYS391的多态性及其法医学应用价值。方法用荧光标记引物、变性PAGE、激光自动扫描检测PCR扩增产物的方法,调查广州地区111例汉族无关男性个体DYS391等位基因分布状况;对该位点的种属特异性、突变率及其在混合斑个体识别中的价值等与法医学应用有关的问题进行了研究。结果DYS391基因座共检出3个等位基因,人类特异性较高,未发现突变。结论Y—SIR基因座DYS391的基因检测在法医物证学中的应用价值大,尤其是在父权鉴定及混合斑的个体识别中具有其它方法不具备的优越性。     

警察体能及训练

良好的体能不仅是警察与犯罪分子较量时所必备基本能力,同时也直接影响着警察实战技能的发挥及其在执法活动中的应用效果。体能在警察实战中具有不可替代的作用,不仅是掌握各种警务技战术的基础,也是在擒拿格斗及追逐中、直接决定这些行为结果的重要基础。本文综述了国内外公认、行之有效的体能训练方法,希望能为警察从事体能训练提供有益的参考。     

唐律之血亲规范与现代刑法关系研究

《唐律疏议》是中国古代法律的集大成者,对后代的立法产生了极其深远的影响.现行刑法与唐律疏议在时间上相差千年之久,但是却有着浓厚的渊源关系.从血亲规范角度比较二者,现行刑法与唐律血亲规范一脉相承,唐律血亲规范的重要历史作用和对我国现代刑法的深远意义.     

Genetic population data of 38 autosomal InDels for the Amerindian community Embera-Chami of Lapo,Antioquia-Colombia

This paper presents the genetic characterization of the Embera-Chami Amerindian community of Lapo-Antioquia-Colombia using 38 autosomal Indels. This group of markers showed a high discriminatory power (>99.9999%) and an appropriate power of exclusion (99.40%), allowing the use of these markers in the field of forensic genetics in this population.     

Genetic risk and the birth of the somatic individual

This paper considers the implications of the rise of the new molecular genetics for the ways in which we are governed and the ways in which we govern ourselves. Using examples of genetic screening and genetic discrimination in education, employment and insurance, and a case study of debates among those at risk of developing Huntington's Disease and their relatives, we suggest that some of the claims made by critics of these new developments are misplaced. While there are possibilities of genetic discrimination, the key event is the creation of the person 'genetically at risk'. But genetic risk does not imply resignation in the face of an implacable biological destiny: it induces new and active relations to oneself and one's future. In particular, it generates new forms of 'genetic responsibility', locating actually and potentially affected individuals within new communities of obligation and identification. Far from generating fatalism, the rewriting of personhood at a genetic level and its visualization through a 'molecular optic' transforms the relations between patient and expert in unexpected ways, and is linked to the development of novel 'life strategies', involving practices of choice, enterprise, self-actualization and prudence in relation to one's genetic make-up. Most generally, we suggest, the birth of the person 'genetically at risk' is part of a wider reshaping of personhood along somatic lines and a mutation in conceptions of life itself.     

警察院校《国家学生体质健康标准》测试数据统计及分析——以福建警察学院为例

国内对普通本科大学生体质状况的研究已有不少的报道和成果,但对警察院校学生体质现状研究鲜有涉及,为准确认识当前警察院校学生的体质健康现状,特以2013年福建警察学院国家学生体质健康测试各项数据和评判指标为例,采用SPSS19.0 for Window的数据统计功能,从学生的身体形态、身体机能、身体素质三项指标,按公安、司法本科专业和普通本科专业、性别、年级分别进行分组对比研究,结果显示,福建警察学院学生体质健康测试均符合国家学生体质健康标准,其中公安、司法本科专业学生和普通本科专业学生三项指标有明显差异。