美国入警体能测试理念及启示

警察体能应分为健康相关体能和执法相关体能两大范畴。美国部分州的入警体能测试有其特殊的理念,对进一步完善我国的警察体能测试理论与方法具有启示作用。     

Attorneys,tell your clients to think before they post: Social media data may influence how evaluators view their parental fitness

Information from social media is used in evaluations of parental fitness with some regularity. Yet, research is lacking on perceptions of this information and no research has examined how social media data impacts forensic evaluators' opinions related to parental fitness. This study compared forensic evaluators' perceptions of data trustworthiness, usefulness, and initial opinion of parental fitness in a fictitious case in which parental fitness was questioned. Perceptions of a parent's behavior were compared across two types of data in which it was presented (an Instagram post or a medical record note) and across genders of the parent (mother or father) being hypothetically evaluated. As hypothesized, information documented on social media was viewed more critically than information documented by a healthcare provider. Further, information primarily referencing the father in the case was viewed as less trustworthy than information referencing the mother, which appeared influenced by evaluators' identified self-reported sexist attitudes. Results suggest that family law attorneys, regardless of which parent they are representing, should advise their clients of the risks to using social media.     

云南苗族常染色体STR遗传多态性及其遗传结构分析

目的研究云南苗族常染色体9个STR基因座遗传多态性并分析其遗传结构。方法采用荧光标记PCR复合扩增、基因扫描自动分型技术调查了87名云南苗族无关健康个体9个STR基因座等位基因分布情况。结果9个基因座共检出52种等位基因和109种基因型,等位基因频率分布在0.005 7～0.718 4。经计算杂合度(H)为0.402 3～0.8161、多态信息量(PIC)为0.4090～0.8057、个体识别力(DP)为0.6429～0.943 6、非父排除率(PE)为0.115 3～0.565 4。x~2检验显示所有基因座均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。聚类分析结果显示,苗族、僳僳族、傣族、德昂族、普米族及景颇族遗传关系较近。结论为进一步研究STR遗传结构奠定了基础,在人类学、法医学等领域也有重要的应用价值。     

国家管辖外深海遗传资源的归属与利用——兼析以知识产权为基础的惠益分享制度

深海是地球表面遗传资源最为丰富的区域,国家管辖范围外深海遗传资源的归属和利用在国际法的角度目前没有明确规定,各国从各自利益出发对其提出了不同的主张。国家管辖外深海遗传资源应当是继国际海底区域之后人类又一共同继承的遗产,我国应当从现实出发,积极推动以国际海底管理局为主导,以知识产权为基础的惠益分享模式的建立,维护发展中国家在新一轮海洋资源争夺战中的利益。     

人身危险性研究的谱系学分析

人身危险性是刑法研究和实践中经常使用的概念。作为犯罪学创立后诞生的概念,国内学者对其论述较少,且多是从刑法规范角度入手。结合哲学等人文社科领域研究的进展来分析法学领域中人身危险性研究的方法和路径,可以得出人身危险性研究的路线始终是围绕先天危险性和后天危险性展开的结论。     

武汉汉族群体FOLP23、TPOX及GABRB15基因座遗传多态性研究

目的　研究FOLP2 3、TPOX及GABRB15的多态性及法医学应用价值。方法　应用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离及银染显带技术对武汉地区汉族 2 0 0例无关个体作FOLP2 3、TPOX及GABRB15位点分型调查。结果　FOLP2 3、TPOX及GABRB15位点分别检出 6、 5和 5个等位基因 ,获得汉族人群基因频率分布。三位点基因型频率分布符合Hardy -Weinberg平衡。位点杂合度分别为0 6 798、 0 5 6 5 0、 0 6 95 0 ,个人识别能力分别为 0 85 94、 0 6 975和 0 82 6 2 ,非父排除率分别为 0 45 31、0 2 745、 0 40 79。结论 　FOLP2 3、TPOX及GABRB1 5位点均是高杂合度、高鉴别能力的遗传标记系统 ,具有较高的法医学应用价值     

警察擒拿格斗项目力量素质训练探析

力量素质训练在警察擒拿格斗项目中具有重要作用,根据擒拿格斗项目特点,在训练中应该优先发展速度力量,并以动力性力量练习为主。文中分析了警察擒拿格斗项目力量素质训练的方法,旨在为警察擒拿格斗项目的训练提供参考。     

Distribution of Y chromosomal STRs loci in Mayan and Mestizo populations from Guatemala

In this study, a sample of 225 Guatemalan males, comprising 115 Mestizo-Guatemalan and 110 Mayan-Guatemalan, was typed for 17 Y-short tandem repeats (STRs) loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, YGATA_H4.1 and DYS385a/b). The haplotype diversity (H = 1) and discrimination capacity (96.86%) were calculated. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated a low but significant interpopulation differentiation when compared with the results obtained when we confront the Mestizo and Mayan populations with the European populations.Furthermore, the genetic variability and differences among the American, African, Asian, and European populations were analyzed with the software Statistica 9.1. In addition, the genetic distances were also calculated using other published data. Reynolds and Slatkińs genetic distance was visualized using the multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis. All the analysis performed locates the Mayan population next to the Native American population, while Guatemalan-Mestizo population was found to be between these populations and the European population, similar to other Mestizo one.The implementation of the estimation of individual ancestry proportions of the whole population sample showed the presence of two well-differentiated population groups.     

论美军院校学员身体素质培养特点及启示

美军院校注重学员身体素质的培养,学员通过大学四年系统的培养都具有良好的身体素质。培养过程中的课程设置、教学计划和教学保障等都具有显箸的特点。     

中国广东汉族群体mtDNA控制区的多态性

目的 探讨线粒体DNA控制区(包括HVⅠ区、HVⅡ区和HVⅢ区)的多态性。方法 采用PCR扩增和末端标记荧光循环测序的方法，对100名广东汉族无关个体进行了序列分析。结果 共观察到147个变异位点，序列变异包括了碱基转换、颠换、插入、缺失等各种类型。其中在HV Ⅰ区(nt16，024～nt16，365)内观察到88个变异位点，91种单倍型，基因多样度为0.9964；在HVⅡ区(nt73～nt340)观察到42个变异位点，67种单倍型，基因多样度为0.9861；在HVⅢ区(nt438～nt574)观察到9个变异位点，15种单倍型，基因多样度为0.8760。联合3个高变区域的序列，可观察到98种单倍型，基因多样度为0.9996。结论 本研究为线粒体DNA在法庭科学中的应用提供了较系统的实验依据。结果还表明，对于mtDNA等单倍型遗传标记，增加其检测范围，可提高该系统的个体识别能力，使其在法庭科学领域充分发挥作用。