知识产权客体问题的澄清

21世纪是知识经济的时代,知识产权将成为主导型的权利形态。如何更好地保护知识产权,就必须对知识产权的客体等颇多争议的问题加以澄清。本文分别从权利以及法律关系的角度契入,详细地论述了作为知识产权权利客体的知识产品和作为知识产权法律关系客体的各项权利,同时分析了知识产权下权利客体与法律关系客体不相一致的成因。     

产品缺陷惩罚性损害赔偿制度建立的经济分析

我国的产品缺陷法律制度中欠缺对产品缺陷的惩罚性损害赔偿的规定,使我国消费者的合法权益得不到有效的维护。根据这一制度的法理基础:效益与正义,用经济学方法确定惩罚性损害赔偿的数额,应在我国的产品责任中引进这一制度。     

产品责任与产品缺陷探析

产品责任是因产品存在内在缺陷造成他人人身、财产损害引起的赔偿责任,它不是合同责任也不等同于产品质量责任,属于侵权责任。在对产品责任归责时应实行严格责任,产品责任之诉中的产品缺陷概念包括产品具有不合理危险和不符合生产标准。建议加强产品责任制度在司法实践中的可操作性研究     

涉外产品责任的法律探析

随着越来越多的外国产品投放到中国市场，由外国产品引起的涉外产品责任案件也日渐增多。由于国内相关产品责任法律制度的不完善，我国的受害方常常难以得到充分、合理的保护。为此，必须对涉外产品责任案件的管辖权、法律适用以及修订产品质量法等方面进行法律完善。     

存款合同还是金融衍生交易——汇丰银行“双利存款”案解析

银行个人理财产品的本质是固定收益计划,但大多嵌入了金融衍生工具从而增加了市场风险。国内首例公开报道的银行理财诉讼——汇丰双利存款诉讼显示,在“存款”名义下发生的是“存款合同＋期权合同”的场外金融衍生交易,在银行与客户之间形成了新的收益-风险分配模式。客户承担理财产品市场风险的决策基础是银行的信息披露与风险提示义务。银行如何履行信息披露义务不仅决定了汇丰双利存款诉讼的结局,同时也是银行个人理财纠纷中区分市场风险与法律责任的关键。     

Effect of Gas Chromatography Temperature Program on the Association and Discrimination of Diesel Samples*†

Abstract: Five diesel samples were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) using six GC temperature programs, aiming to investigate the effect of temperature program on association and discrimination of the samples. Temperature programs varied by ramp rate and incorporated one‐ or two‐step temperature ramps. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients and principal components analysis were used to evaluate differences in discrimination among the diesel samples afforded by each temperature program, based on the total ion chromatogram (TIC) and selected extracted ion profiles (EIPs). Association of diesel replicates and discrimination among samples based on the TIC and aromatic EIP were similar for all temperature programs based on scores plots. The alkane EIP was not useful in discriminating samples regardless of temperature program, because of similar alkane content of the diesel samples. The association and discrimination of diesel samples was largely unaffected by temperature programs that incorporated one‐ or two‐step temperature ramps.     

涉外产品责任法律适用规则探究

产品责任作为一种特殊的侵权责任,在传统上适用"侵权行为地法作为准据法"这一国际私法原则。随着国际经济往来密切,产品跨国流通频繁,使涉外产品责任冲突因各国法律所适用的准据法规则不同而日益涌现,而我国在此方面规定较为薄弱,使我国在处理类似争端时陷入被动和僵局。结合当前国际通行规范和发展趋势加以研究,力求得出实用性建议。     

论产品质量的民事法律责任

目前,我国在产品的生产和销售中,因产品的质量问题造成人身、财产损害的问题十分严重。文章以我国目前有关法律、法规的规定为基础,结合实践,对产品质量在民事法律责任适用中出现的主要问题加以分析探讨。     

The successful DNA typing of samples following a thermal cycler power loss

An approach for generating DNA profiles when critical samples have been consumed and a power outage occurs during the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification reaction is described. This study demonstrates that a complete and accurate DNA short tandem repeat profile can be obtained: (1) when single source DNA samples are amplified for 26, 27, or 28 cycles using the Profiler Plus and COfiler Amplification Kits after an interruption in amplification, (2) from mock samples when PCR amplification has been interrupted early (after five cycles) or late (after 18 cycles) and the sample is subjected to an additional round of amplification, even after incubation of the sample at room temperature overnight, and (3) from nonprobative casework samples interrupted after approximately 18 cycles of amplification, an overnight incubation at room temperature and subjected to one or two additional rounds of PCR amplification for approximately 26 total cycles. Samples interrupted before five completed cycles and subjected to additional PCR cycles yielded variable results.     

Product Liability: A Neo-Austrian Based Perspective

The paper is an exercise in a neo-Austrian based economic analysis of product liability. After a short historical introduction, we take two of the basic premises of Austrian economic thought and see which system of product liability results. If costs are subjective and entrepreneurship is the essence of an efficient market process, a system of caveat emptor and vendor results. For judges to assess damages, in the way others advocate judges to do, judges would need to measure costs, something that cannot be done according to Austrian economics. The paper also answers some possible criticisms from the mainstream neoclassical perspective.