试论侦查讯问程序中的问题与出路

我国侦查讯问程序的主要问题是侦查讯问过程的封闭性和强制性。造成这些问题的最关键原因,就在于侦查人员对犯罪嫌疑人人身几乎享有完全的控制权。这一现象集中体现的是侦查人员随时可以在自己控制下的场所对犯罪嫌疑人进行讯问。应当将包括第一次讯问在内的所有讯问地点固定在中立的第三方所在地。只有在此基础上,侦查讯问程序的其他改革措施方能真正发挥作用。     

美国警察执法信息系统及其应用

美国警察执法信息网站是统一在互联网平台上建设与维护的.美国警察信息应用是依据其国家体制,联邦、各州、地方各级警察独立执法,对本级政府负责,相互之间无隶属关系.美国警察的执法信息系统包括应用软件、硬件和移动数据通信三个主要组成部分,其中应用软件是警察执法信息系统的一个关键组成部分.地理信息系统和犯罪地图绘制正在迅速成为美国警察机构内的执法信息系统的重要应用程序.美国警察执法信息系统及其广泛的应用,给我国公安信息化的建设与发展带来一些启示.     

Simulation for Theory Testing and Experimentation: An Example Using Routine Activity Theory and Street Robbery

Achieving a better understanding of the crime event in its spatio-temporal context is an important research area in criminology with major implications for improving policy and developing effective crime prevention strategies. However, significant barriers related to data and methods exist for conducting this type of research. The research requires micro-level data about individual behavior that is difficult to obtain and methods capable of modeling the dynamic, spatio-temporal interaction of offenders, victims, and potential guardians at the micro level. This paper presents simulation modeling as a method for addressing these challenges. Specifically, agent-based modeling, when integrated with geographic information systems, offers the ability to model individual behavior within a real environment. The method is demonstrated by operationalizing and testing routine activity theory as it applies to the crime of street robbery. Model results indicate strong support for the basic premise of routine activity theory; as time spent away from home increases, crime will increase. The strength of the method is in providing a research platform for translating theory into models that can be discussed, shared, tested and enhanced with the goal of building scientific knowledge.

Do competitive districts get more political attention? Strategic use of geographic representation during campaign and non-campaign periods

MPs are elected as delegates of their electoral district to represent their constituents' interests. Geographical representation is considered a central quality indicator for legislative systems. Yet whether the strategic use of geographic representation is affected by tactical campaign considerations has received less attention. The availability of social media data on a fine-grained level allows us to fill this gap by studying the following question: To what extent do politicians strategically use geographic representation during electoral campaign and non-campaign times? I combine literature comparing campaign and non-campaign periods with studies on strategic incentives for MPs to geographic representation. Empirically, I rely on quantitative text-analytical tools to study German politicians’ tweets from the entire 19th legislative period (2017–2021). My findings have important implications for the geographic representation literature as they imply that MPs use geographic references strategically, especially during campaign periods. Prospective competitive districts receive substantially more political attention already during non-campaign periods, yet further amplified during electoral campaigns.     

Technology transformation and changing demographic patterns: Perspectives for Africa’s future elections

The last decade of the 21st century has so far seen many important elections on the African continent. These elections offer windows for the development of democracy and freedom throughout the continent. The same period has been characterised by a burgeoning population, estimated to be over one billion. The rapid growth in population has fuelled a quick growth in the number of eligible voters. Around the same period, another increase has been under way: evolving new technology penetration in electoral management systems. The introduction of innovative technologies into the electoral management systems (prior, during and post-election) has raised both interest and concerns. This review article provides insights into, and a critique of the role of emerging technologies in Africa’s electoral managements systems. The article taps on some of the best practices of modern technology applications in the electoral process. Some of the areas of focus in this article include constituency delimitation, political party registration, voter registration, voting operations and stakeholder engagements. The discussion denotes a rising recognition and use of new technologies in these areas to improve efficiency, ensure credibility of democratic processes and reliability of election results. The literature engages with a mixture of successes and failures, improvements and challenges, innovations and obstacles in the context of countryspecific electoral systems technological applications.     

国际恐怖主义的地缘政治分析

国际恐怖主义是当前国际安全的主要威胁。从宏观地域分布角度来看,冷战后主要集中于“破碎地带”,其中伊拉克成为国际恐怖活动的中心。从微观地缘特征来看,国际恐怖活动的一些环节往往有较强的环境选择倾向。国际恐怖主义的泛滥对世界地缘战略格局和中国的国家安全产生了重要的影响。在世界地缘战略格局方面,恐怖主义虽然没有改变总体战略格局,但改变了美国的安全战略,促进了大国关系的调整。恐怖主义活动和国际反恐斗争也影响了中国的国家安全环境,其中既有有利的方面,也有不利的因素。     

Predictive Soil Provenancing (PSP): An Innovative Forensic Soil Provenance Analysis Tool

Soil is a common evidence type used in forensic and intelligence operations. Where soil composition databases are lacking or inadequate, we propose to use publicly available soil attribute rasters to reduce forensic search areas. Soil attribute rasters, which have recently become widely available at high spatial resolutions, typically three arc‐seconds (~90 m), are predictive models of the distribution of soil properties (with confidence limits) derived from data mining the inter‐relationships between these properties and several environmental covariates. Each soil attribute raster is searched for pixels that satisfy the compositional conditions of the evidentiary soil sample (target value ± confidence limits). We show through an example that the search area for an evidentiary soil sample can be reduced to <10% of the original investigation area. This Predictive Soil Provenancing (PSP) approach is a transparent, reproducible, and objective method of efficiently and effectively reducing the likely provenance area of forensic soil samples.     

Free and unfree labor in Qing China

Though internal migration in China during the Qing era (1644–1911) was mostly unrestricted, the government tightly controlled the movement of peasants who worked state lands in frontier regions and certain other locations. Such peasants accounted for 5–10% of China's population. In the state farms of northeast China, households could move legally only from one place to another within the system. Departure from the system was illegal. In this article, one of the first quantitative studies of migration in late imperial China, we apply discrete-time event-history methods to longitudinal, nominative household register data from six northeast Chinese state farm systems to compare how characteristics of the farm system, village, and household influenced the chances of legal moves and illegal departures. We show that among these state peasants, who were supposedly “unfree,” migration was not uncommon. We also show that the determinants of legal and illegal migration differed substantially. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for our understanding of migration processes in late imperial China.     

浅析容留他人吸食、注射毒品罪

在司法实践中容留他人吸食、注射毒品罪很少被适用。由于现行刑法与禁毒法对该罪的规定产生了较大的立法歧义,作为毒品犯罪中的终端犯罪,其仅对该罪的具体行为人构成危害,使其成为毒品犯罪中为数不多的轻罪之一。现结合新颁布的《立案标准(三)》,①对其渊源、犯罪构成等方面分析,以期能清晰的认识该罪,促使司法实践者在今后的具体司法实践中加大对该罪的打击和处罚力度。