论政府信息公开排除范围的界定

在政府信息公开实践中,排除公开的范围应如何界定,成为整个信息公开法制的关键。为防止排除范围被行政主体滥用,国家秘密、商业秘密、个人隐私以及其它排除公开的范围应得到妥善界定。分析以上排除公开的范围,对国家秘密、商业秘密等概念的内涵进行适度收缩,同时要建立价值衡量的原则、明确排除范围的具体子类型、采用梯次化的概念内涵构造以及保证必要的监督空间等,为实现信息公开的价值而策略性地调整信息公开的排除范围。     

我国权证市场存在的问题及其法律规制路径

权证作为证券衍生品,在我国资本市场发展的同时,自身的一系列现实问题也随之凸显。从法律上分析导致权证现实问题的主要成因在于,现有关于权证法律规制的效力不足和现行权证的具体自律规则不完善。因此,应在现有证券法律框架内构建我国权证市场的法律规制体系,完善权证具体的法律制度。     

Further notes on information,corruption, and optimal law enforcement

We consider two important notes on optimal law enforcement with corruption. First, we analyze the role of asymmetric information on the emergence of collusion between criminals and enforcers. Second, our paper proposes that the optimal criminal sanction for the underlying offense is not necessarily maximal. We achieve this result by coupling the criminal sanction for the underlying offense with a criminal sanction for corruption, both imposed on offenders. A higher criminal sanction for the underlying offense implies that the government must spend more resources to detect and punish corruption (since the likelihood of collusion increases). Thus, the government could reduce this sanction, save on detection, and increase the criminal sanction for corruption (in order to offset the negative effect on deterrence). We are grateful to Mitch Polinsky and two anonymous referees for helpful suggestions. The usual disclaimers apply.     

“国家秘密”理念与“合法伤害权”消解

国家秘密界定的模糊性易导致公众知政权的“合法伤害”，调整“国家秘密”理念有助于“合法伤害权”的消解。理性设立国家保密事项的合理界限应该确立两项基本原则：以信息的公开是否存在“明显而即刻的危险或损害”作为秘密事项判断的标准，且危险或损害的“明显”而“即刻”性预测是合理的；基于前一原则强调公民权利的满足而非政府权力的到位，对于不明显符合上述原则的那些信息，应以公开而非保密为优先考虑。     

再论“一国两制”是实现祖国完全统一的最佳模式

作为实现祖国完全统一的最佳模式,＂一国两制＂在台湾的接受程度遭遇瓶颈。本文正视现实,探讨了两岸政治定位、互动框架和实践模式等基础问题,在理论上借鉴＂协合式民主＂精神,立足于两岸关系实际,对＂一国两制＂台湾模式加以深化和拓展。维护＂一个中国＂的统一性,保持台湾在单纯内部事务上具有独占性权利或完全自主权,在两岸事务上台湾得适用否决性权利,在一般性的国家事务上台湾享有比例性权利;通过协合式民主的治理方式,促进两岸间异质性民主的正常运转,实现和维护两岸权力分享、国家权威的统一与稳定。     

Information Asymmetry and the Financial Consumer Protection Policy

As complex structure of financial products severely limits consumers' understanding and causes an information asymmetry, the need to protect financial consumers has been a target of heated debates. This study designs a game theory-based model and presents that the reason behind an inadequate advisory service by financial institutions is a combination of consumers' poor financial literacy and sellers' abuse of such weakness to pursue their own profits. Our model shows that when there is information asymmetry on both product characteristics and investment preference of financial consumers, having competing companies that offer substitute products is not enough to ensure a proper advisory service. Two measures may be considered to address this issue. The first measure would be voluntary market efforts to strengthen financial consumer's literacy and self-regulatory mechanism. The second measure would be to step up administrative regulations on financial product sellers in both ex-ante and ex-post mechanisms.     

论检务公开视野下当事人知情权的保障及扩充--以刑事诉讼审查起诉阶段告知程序之规制为中心

在刑事诉讼过程中规范、完善、细化告知程序,进一步深化检务公开,使一切可向诉讼当事人公开的程序及实体信息得以传递并真切落实,有利于保障诉讼当事人充分行使其权利。目前,刑事诉讼审查起诉阶段对于告知程序的规定相对简单并存在一定缺陷,司法实践中未予告知、难以告知、迟滞告知和敷衍告知等现象较为普遍,影响了刑事诉讼活动的正常进行,因此,亟需对我国审查起诉阶段告知程序进行进一步规范和完善。     

The role of people in information-sharing: perceptions from an analytic unit of a regional fusion center

Information sharing research has largely focused on capturing operational practices related to the exchange of information. A noticeable shortcoming of this developing literature is the lack of scholarly attention focused specifically on analytic personnel. The present study employs semi-structured interviews with 23 personnel that comprise the analytic unit within a regional fusion center located in a large metropolitan area in the United States. Findings indicate that there is significant ambiguity surrounding the organizational and geographic audiences to which intelligence products should be tailored. Moreover, it appears information sharing is sparse and reliant upon personal relationships between analysts and external organizations. Lastly, analysts do not receive feedback pertaining to the content and effectiveness of intelligence products created. These findings may be generalized to other analytical organizations whose primary goal is to gather, analyze and disseminate intelligence. Action steps for policymakers are provided.     

刑事诉讼信息共建共享问题研究

对比司法信息化建设整体迅猛发展,刑事诉讼信息的共建共享明显滞后,公检法机关的信息化建设呈现信息孤岛现象。这造成司法资源的大量浪费,成为阻碍司法信息化发展的基础性难题。刑事诉讼信息互联互通协议是指公安、检察院、法院等办案机关就办案信息共享和传递问题达成共识。这种协议可以有效地打破刑事办案机关之间的数据壁垒,是推进刑事诉讼共建共享的现实路径。协议需要充分应对信息共建共享可能给以审判为中心的诉讼架构、卷宗移送模式、控辩平等关系、司法责任带来的负面效应,协调技术理性和司法规律的关系。同时,刑事诉讼信息共建共享在运行中需处理好以下具体问题：建议将政法委作为协议主责机关,制定长远的发展计划;进一步推动卷宗电子化;实行涉案财物统一管理;妥善解决信息保密问题。     

“完善‘一国两制’制度体系,落实‘爱国者治港’根本原则”专题研讨会综述

全国港澳研究会于2021年2月在北京举办完善‘一国两制’制度体系,落实‘爱国者治港’根本原则专题研讨会。夏宝龙同志在讲话中表示,习近平总书记关于爱国者治港的重要论述,是对香港回归以来一国两制实践经验的高度提炼,是对一国两制实践规律的深刻揭示,为推动一国两制实践行稳致远、保持香港长治久安指明了方向。爱国者治港是一国两制方针的核心要义,是推进一国两制事业的时代呼唤,要坚持爱国者治港的客观标准和要求,对相关制度进行完善。与会专家学者表示,爱国者治港是在香港特别行政区维护国家主权、安全、发展利益的重要前提。香港现行选举制度还不能为全面落实爱国者治港原则提供坚实的制度保障,需要尽快加以完善,修补漏洞。