Implementing and Integrating Policies on Performance-Based Pay: Coordinating the “One-Employer Approach” in a Swedish Municipality

In Sweden, performance-based pay has gone furthest in the public sector. This development has placed demands on employers to have a transparent and salient salary review process with which to evaluate employees uniformly and fair – and to act in a unitary manner, as one employer. Pay policies aim to coordinate salary reviews in organizations. However, the transfer of policy to practice is not easy and research has shown a gap between intended and implemented policies. Drawing on a case study in a municipality, this article expands knowledge on policy transfer by exploring and describing how HR, unions, managers and employees perceive implementation and integration of the pay policies, and to what extent the municipality succeeds in a one-employer approach. The findings suggest that the municipality fails to act as one employer and that the units that are most successful in implementing the policy are those closer to top management.     

Child Trafficking,Child Soldiering: exploring the relationship between two ‘worst forms’ of child labour

While it may be intuited that human trafficking is an ineluctable component of the child soldiering experience, very little research exists to illustrate the tangible connections between these two ‘worst forms’ of child labour. The extent to which common reception points for trafficked children—such as slave-owning households, religious boarding schools and brothels—double as profitable reservoirs for recruiting commanders remains entirely unknown. Likewise, despite the clear financial incentive that some erstwhile commanders might have to traffic their former child combatants into civilian slavery, the prevalence of such practice is unknown. The purpose of this article is to delineate some of the most conspicuous academic gaps pertaining to the intersection of child trafficking and child soldiering.     

E‐Government Technology Transfer: A Case Study of the Implementation of a European Patent Management System in Brazil

In order to bolster the emerging but still underdeveloped conceptualization of e‐government technology transfer, we examine the implementation of a European Patent Management System in Brazil. The case study provided in this article offers opportunities to improve understanding on technical and organizational issues associated with e‐government technology transfer. Our findings provide evidence that the transfer of e‐government technology from a European to a Brazilian context requires multiple adaptations of the original design, intensive learning on the side of the recipient organization, and flexible implementation plans. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Big Society in Australia: A Case of ‘Non’‐Policy Transfer?

The Big Society was a flagship policy initiative launched by the UK Conservative party, under the leadership of David Cameron, to win office in 2010. Closely associated with the ideas of Phillip Blond, the Big Society agenda seeks to introduce new forms of civic activism and revive wider civil society. There has been speculation that the Big Society agenda might take hold in Australia, and Blond has been active in promoting it in Australia. Using Dolowitz and Marsh's policy transfer heuristic, this article examines the likelihood of the Big Society being adopted by the Abbott Liberal Coalition. The article outlines a number of potential variants of the Big Society, and concludes that for a variety of reasons it is unlikely to be adopted by the Liberal federal government in Australia. The case also highlights both strengths and limitations in the Dolowitz and Marsh framework, arguing that it can be used in an innovative way to speculate on potential transfers, but is limited in accounting for why transfer may or may not take place.     

我国土地流转信托的若干法律问题研究

土地流转信托是我国农村土地流转方式的创新。土地流转信托是舶来品,国内尚无相关的法律法规进行规制,实践过程中存在土地确权不完整、缺乏完备的法律依据、欠缺有效的监督机制等问题。本文立足于当前国内土地流转信托的实践,从实证的角度对土地流转信托的若干法律问题进行研判,建议尽快完善土地信托配套制度和法律体系。     

操控的正义与法律的信仰——对《失控的陪审团》的解读

本文从《失控的陪审团》和《十二怒汉》两部以陪审团制度为核心的电影出发,着重讨论了三个具有制度性意义和实效性意义的问题。第一,当一项制度以人为核心构成要素时,人性的弱点常常将看似有效的制度瞬间摧毁,而操控人性恰是达成这一效果的重要手段。第二,通过分工效率、协调增进理论以及政治风险转移理论客观分析了陪审团制度的优势以及其内生性不足之处,这为试图操控陪审团以操控司法判决结果留下了寄生的空间。第三,虽然以陪审团制度为代表的一系列司法制度都存在着无法避免或者至今仍不完善的特点,但在现代法治条件下,有时需要的是一种对法律的信仰,这种信仰好过质疑,更好过那些个人英雄主义的正义追求者们。     

试论英汉思维的互相影响

随着全球化的发展,英语学习已成为热潮。汉语对英语学习的影响也越来越受到关注。迁移理论、中介语理论以及中式英语的出现都说明母语对外语学习的重要影响,其本质则为思维的影响,而外语学习对母语的影响则很少被人关注。熟知英汉思维的相互影响,有助于学习者更好地交替使用这两种语言。     

中国制造业外迁：现状和启示

保持产业链稳定是制造业高质量发展的重要基础,然而近年来中国制造业外迁现象越来越明显。中国低端制造业主要向东南亚、南亚以及墨西哥外迁,纺织服装产业和电子制造业外流态势明显。中高端技术密集型制造业回流至发达国家的趋势也明显增强,设备行业、化工行业以及计算机电子行业是回流的重点行业。在低端制造业迁出、中高端制造业企业向美国等发达国家回流的情况下,中国存在低端制造业“空心化”、中高端制造业“停滞化”“空白化”风险。因此,中国要实现制造业持续高质量发展,应防范大量劳动密集型低端制造业过快外迁,尽可能推动劳动密集型传统优势产业稳步向国内中西部地区转移、加强供应链生产端的配套能力、提升低端制造业自动化和智能化水平以及不断提高产业创新水平。     

中医药在体外授精-胚胎移植中的应用思路

中医药在体外授精-胚胎移植(invitrofertilization-embryotransplantation,IVF-ET)中的应用已取得一定成效,尤其是可提高IVF-ET的成功率及减少其并发症。在IVF-ET的不同治疗阶段分期用药可提高其成功率,防止卵巢过度刺激综合征,及对于因卵巢反应低下和子宫内膜发育不良造成的IVF-ET失败有明显的治疗优势。     

Background levels of body fluids and DNA on the shaft of the penis and associated underpants in the absence of sexual activity

This study examines the background of blood, saliva, semen and autosomal DNA on penile swabs and underpants from males in the absence of recent sexual activity. Based on the data collected by the AFSP Body Fluid Forum, the results of this study show that; there is a very low expectation of detecting blood on penile swabs and male underpants; a low expectation of detecting saliva on penile swabs and male underpants; and spermatozoa would be expected in less than a quarter of penile swabs and three quarters of male underpants. As none of the samples had detectable levels of DNA which were suitable for meaningful comparison that did not match the donor or their partner, the expectation of detecting a DNA profile from the cellular background on penile swabs or underpants from a male who has not been involved in recent sexual intercourse is very low. The results of this study are extremely informative when evaluating the significance of blood, saliva, semen and DNA detected on the penile swabs and underpants of males in cases of alleged sexual assault.