论医疗机构对患者的安全保障义务

患者在医院走失 (丢失 )、财产被盗、受到第三人侵害的事情时有发生 ,因此而发生的损害赔偿纠纷成为医患诉讼新的焦点。本文对与此相关的理论进行探析 ,旨在探讨法院在评判双方过错时所应适用的标准。笔者认为 ,附随义务是医疗机构对患者及其财产进行安全保障的依据 ,法院在认定医疗机构是否有过错应当以具体情事和诚信原则作为标准。     

Cold War brotherhood contested: KATUSAs,slicky boys,American G.I.s,and the Status of Forces Agreement in post-armistice South Korea, 1954–1966

ABSTRACT

As the largest contingent of Americans in postwar South Korea, the G.I. best represented the United States’ Cold War objectives. Their deployment was an emblem of hard power containment, but the G.I. also embodied soft power integration, and through both, G.I.s helped to promote Pax Americana. This article focuses on the militarized masculinity of these ambassadors of America and their people-to-people diplomacy in South Korea between 1954 and 1966. These American G.I.s constructed their militarized masculinity vis-à-vis the Korean male Other, their “lesser” counterparts – the hapless houseboy, the inferior partner soldier, and the menacing slicky boy. At the same time, this liberal imperialism did not go uncontested. Violent imaginaries of the American G.I. from the borderlands were used by Koreans to demand a new bilateral framework – the Status of Forces Agreement in 1966 – to replace the outmoded wartime extraterritorial jurisdiction wielded by the American military after cessation of hostilities on the Korean peninsula in 1953. The militarized masculinity practiced in everyday encounters, thus, became the basis of a critique of American liberal imperialism in one of the United States closest Cold War “brother” nations.     

Macedonia after the 2001 conflict: towards social cohesion and reconciliation?

The paper aims to contribute to the on-going debate in the literature about reconciliation after an armed conflict through presentation of the Macedonian experience. It focuses upon the following questions: Is the Ohrid Framework Agreement (OFA), which put an end to the armed conflict in the country, supported by the process of reconciliation? Has the state found the right way to deal with the past? In order to answer the questions, the paper describes briefly the Agreement and the process of its implementation. In this context, it identifies the type of power-sharing system established by the OFA through analysis of the Agreement within the integrative and consociational theory. Then, the paper examines how the state dealt with the past. Further, it discusses the impact of the amnesty for grave crimes on reconciliation in the country using the existing literature. The paper argues that it is questionable whether the state chose the best approach to dealing with the past.     

Multiple Trajectories and “Good Governance” in Asia: An Introduction

Conventional wisdom in the international aid community has been that governance systems and practices in developing countries require reform in order for aid catering to economic development or poverty alleviation to be successful. Despite criticisms, the good governance agenda has remained unscathed in international development policy until the recent economic crisis in the advanced economies. This feature section of this issue provides in-depth analysis of the nuances at the critical linkage between institutional reforms and development, based on empirical case studies of the logic of governance reforms in the Asian context. This introductory essay surveys the intellectual background of discussion over the concepts of governance, good governance and development, and the linkage between governance reforms as process and development as outcome. It highlights the significance of discussing Asian reform experiences for the ongoing reflection over the global institutional agenda. The message is not that we do not need governance reforms, or that international learning is impossible or counterproductive. Reform efforts in developing and advanced economies will benefit, however, from a better understanding of the linkage between reforms and the diverse historical conditions they are embedded in.     

良法标准之我见

良法标准研究的视野不能仅仅局限于法的内在方面 ,而应当同时研究法的外在方面 ,即把法律放在整个社会的大系统中 ,从它的社会功能的角度来确定其评判标准。按照这样的思路 ,良法的标准可以概括为以下几个方面 :在内容和形式方面 ,良法应当合乎科学性的要求 ;在价值取向方面 ,良法应当符合公平正义的原则 ,代表广大人民的利益 ;在社会功能方面 ,良法应当有利于社会进步 ,促进生产力的发展。     

论罪刑法定原则的人性基础

人性是哲学的基础,也是一切人文科学,包括法学的理论根基,随着刑法学理论的进一步深入发展。罪刑法定原则研究的触须必须要伸向具有终极意义的人性问题,即对司法权的限制与对人权的保障,构成了罪刑法定的人性基础。     

合同成立探微

本文赞同当事人、意思表示一致和标的共同构成合同成立要件。无视标的作为合同的元素会带来不小的负面后果。意思表示一致即合意,对其判断和把握,在绝大多数的情况下,客观说/表示内容的一致论对双方当事人的利益平衡得更好,在合同欺诈、胁迫等场合采主观说/内心意思的一致论较为妥当。中国法及其理论也应当如此区分类型,确定有所差异的法律后果。在通常情况下,沉默不构成承诺,因为要约人没有理由因为受要约人的沉默而相信受要约人做出了承诺。而且,要约人无法通过约定沉默构成承诺以免受要约人不经意间做出承诺。但在特殊的情况下,可以将沉默视为承诺,如双方当事人之间已经形成如下交易惯例,或当地业已存在着如下交易习惯:一方当事人向相对人发出要约,相对人未在要约指定的期间内答复也视为接受。在这种背景下,受要约人在收到要约后沉默,视为已经承诺。关于确认书的地位及效力,本文认为,在有确认书的场合,合同何时成立,首先由当事人的意思表示来决定,由于于此场合不涉及公序良俗的问题,应当贯彻意思自治原则。如果通过解释当事人的意思这条路径仍难得出妥当的结论,则有必要借鉴德国和美国的立法、判例和学说所形成的规则或意见,丰富中国民法的理论,服...     

浅析取得时效制度中的善意

取得时效制度具有维护财产稳定、确保交易安全、促进物尽其用的社会功能。如何设计符合社会需要和实际的制度关系到该制度的法律效果,关键是要规定好“善意”构成要件的在不同财产中的作用。     

司法视野下的FRAND原则——谦评华为诉IDC案

FRAND原则来源于标准化组织的知识产权政策,意指标准必要专利权人“公平、合理、无歧视”地将自己所属的必要专利授权给所有技术标;位的其他专利权人和实施方。然而,由于FRAND原则自身语言的模糊性和概括性以及为“中立地位”所限的标准化组织在FRAND原则解释与判断方面的“不作为”,法院不得不成为解释和使用FRAND原则的主要平台。中国法院也对如何适用FRAND原则确定标准必要专利许可费有了一个相对清晰的导向。然而,对于FRAND原则的释明,法院可以更进一步确认和完善标准必要专利权人的违反FRAND义务的责任承担问题,以从源头上减少此类案件的发生。