猪脑心肌炎病毒SYBR Green I real-time PCR检测方法的建立

针对猪脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)VP1基因序列设计并合成了l对引物,以构建的含有该引物扩增序列的重组质粒作为阳性标准品,建立了检测EMCV核酸的SYBR Green I real-time PCR方法.检测结果显示,该方法线性关系好,标准曲线的相关系数达到0.991;对初始模板的检出下限为1×101copies/μL,比常规PCR方法高100倍;与其他猪源病毒,如口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)、猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)均不发生交叉反应;组内与组间的变异系数均小于3%.应用建立的方法检测了17份临床可疑病例的心、脑组织样本,结果1份为阳性.表明,建立的real-time PCR检测方法灵敏度高、特异性强、重复性好,可以用于EMCV的病原检测及定量分析.     

就业领域重大结构性失衡及应对研究综述

就业结构性失衡对经济实现高质量发展带来不利影响。我国就业领域重大结构性失衡表现为城乡间失衡、区域间失衡、产业间失衡、所有制之间失衡和技能结构失衡等。劳动力要素未能实现最优配置,究其原因,主要可归结为经济增长模式偏向性,政府经济政策干预不当,劳动力、人才的社会性流动面临制度性障碍等因素。研究建议,以渐进式改革推进经济增长驱动力平衡,转变经济政策的干预模式,消除阻碍劳动力、人才社会性流动的体制机制障碍来解决就业领域结构性失衡问题。     

建设社会主义和谐文化的动力、压力和阻力

建设社会主义和谐文化的过程,就是在各种动力、压力和阻力的互相交错下为自己开辟前进道路的过程.为了做好这项工作,我们要增强动力、化解压力、突破阻力,善于用发展的办法解决发展中的问题.     

Critiquing Food Security Inter‐governmental Partnership Approaches in Victoria,Australia

Food security is an issue, not only in developing countries but also in developed economies such as Australia where people from vulnerable groups cannot access affordable and appropriate food on a daily basis. Agencies emphasise the need for collaborative approaches to such complex, multi‐sectoral challenges. This article analyses two inter‐governmental partnership approaches facilitating local government's response to food insecurity in 12 municipalities within the state of Victoria. We focus on the partnership approaches to collaboration, processes and structures, and collective outcomes. The comparative data analysis from in‐depth interviews and document analysis of project‐associated materials and municipal policies provides insight into the different partnership approaches. Results suggest that while strategically designed and focused inter‐governmental partnerships can build local government capacity to respond to food security, there are systemic, regulatory, and resource barriers in play. In conclusion, the implications of these findings for future inter‐governmental approaches to address complex challenges are considered.     

The ‘philanthropic’ gene: biocapital and the new green revolution in Africa

Climate change and population growth have prompted calls for African countries to embrace a ‘new Green Revolution’ in order to promote food security. What is ‘new’ about this new Green Revolution? What configurations of capital, the state, agribusiness, and the law define this period of agricultural transition? In this new Green Revolution, I argue, there is a proliferation of new forms of capital – biocapital and philanthrocapital – that integrate biotechnology with philanthropy to create market value. These shifts are engendered by philanthropic giving, in the form of donated genetic material for the development of ‘pro-poor’ biotechnology which normalises seed as commodity, and legislative reform that renders seed patentable material.     

The Effects of Empowerment Practices on Perceived Barriers to Innovation: Evidence from Public Organizations

While governments have adopted employee empowerment practices around the world, they are also concerned with and wish to reduce barriers to innovation in the public sector. Using the 2012 Australian Public Service Commission (APSC)’s “the State of the Service data,” this article examines the association between four empowerment practices and perceived barriers to innovation. The results reveal that a unit increase in granting power to employees has a very large effect on reducing perceived barriers to innovation, suggesting for policy makers that granting power to employees is a crucial practice which can reduce perceived barriers to innovation. Additionally, while providing information is positively associated with perceived barriers to innovation, offering rewards and providing access to knowledge and skills are negatively associated with perceived barriers to innovation. This article discusses the implications of these results.     

The Politics of the Green New Deal

Covid-19 has highlighted our fragile relationship with the planet. But it represents a minor challenge compared to the permanent havoc that runaway climate change threatens. Politicians and governments—some at least—are beginning to recognise the scale of the danger. In this article we assess the evolution of policy thinking on how to make climate transitions happen; the potential of the European Green Deal; and how progressives need to shape it and any UK counterpart to meet the challenges of modern society. The European initiative arises from a broad coalition spanning the political spectrum. Yet, its central thrust of active government offers the prospect of reviving a battered social democracy. We indicate the openings here for a pluralist, ecological left. The run-up to the next global climate conference—COP26—will be a vital period which will show whether parties and governments across the world are prepared to meet the climate change challenge.     

Electoral reforms,entry barriers and the structure of political markets: A comparative analysis

This article investigates the impact of electoral reforms on entry barriers in political markets. The discussion starts by delineating the theoretical boundaries of various political markets, such as those for participation, parties and government. By taking a cue from industrial organisation theory, the article offers an analysis of entry barriers, both hard and soft, along with their operationalisation for empirical research. Based on this theoretical framework, a single hypothesis is investigated. It posits that the modification of the entry barriers in the market for parties leads to changes in the concentration of the popular vote for party lists. An observable implication of this relationship would be if an electoral reform that raises entry barriers led to subsequent increases in the Herfindahl index (a measure of market concentration), and vice versa. This proposition is empirically tested by a comparative analysis of a new database covering Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. The analysis offers support for the following proposition: in most cases the changes in the entry barriers led to a corresponding change of concentration in the market for parties.     

African Green Revolution,food sovereignty and constrained livelihood choice in Mozambique

This article examines the complicated food security agendas of the African Green Revolution and the food sovereignty models in Mozambique. Drawing on fieldwork conducted by the author in Mozambique in 2014 and 2015, the paper analyses how smallholder farmers engage with these two agrarian models. Whereas the literature frequently presents the African Green Revolution and the food sovereignty in oppositional frames, this paper finds that farmers in Mozambique utilize some of the tools that these models offer in complementary rather than competing ways. One such area is the use of commercial hybrid seeds and herbicides by some farmers associated with food sovereignty, an approach that runs counter to food sovereignty’s principles of agroecology. In Mozambique, farmers’ “lived experience” of food sovereignty is more a strategic response to their limited livelihood options, using whatever tools are available to them, rather than a resistance to power.     

对中国退耕还林经济补偿机制的反思--以退耕农利益保障为视角

现行退耕还林经济补偿机制由于其制度缺陷不能充分保障退耕农的经济利益,也难以对退耕农形成长期有效的经济激励.要保证退耕还林工程的持续性就必须保证退耕还林经济补偿政策的延续性.由此,应摒弃"补助期限"的规定,并重新合理确定退耕还林的经济补偿标准.为了保障退耕农的长期利益,也应尽快确立"养护者受益"原则,建立"退耕生态林收购"制度.