去甲斑蝥素固体自微乳制备及稳定性考察

目的 制备去甲斑蝥素固体自微乳并对其稳定性进行考察。方法 以包封率和收率为考察指标,采用球晶制备技术,正交设计优化制备工艺,实现球晶技术一步固化去甲斑蝥素自微乳,并对去甲斑蝥素固体自微乳粒径大小、电位、自乳化速率、稳定性等进行考察。结果 去甲斑蝥素自微乳最佳处方的平均包封率和收率分别为77.39%和84.5%,粒径为22.76 nm,Zeta电位为-2.77 mV。自乳化速率在不同介质中相差不大,50 s内均可完成自乳化。稳定性实验显示,去甲斑蝥素自微乳的粒径大小、电位和包封率在60 ℃及强光照试验下无变化。结论 自制的去甲斑蝥素固体自微乳稳定可靠。     

柴坤解郁汤对围绝经期抑郁大鼠下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴激素及下丘脑雌激素受体α表达的影响

目的 观察柴坤解郁汤对围绝经期抑郁大鼠应激状态的影响并探究其作用机制。方法 将60只SD雌性大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,柴坤解郁汤低、中、高剂量组,盐酸氟西汀组,每组10只。采用去势手术联合慢性不可预知性温和刺激(chronic unpredictable mild stimulation,CUMS)复制围绝经期抑郁大鼠模型。模型复制同时,柴坤解郁汤低、中、高剂量组分别按照0.9、1.8、3.6 g/kg剂量给予柴坤解郁汤灌胃,盐酸氟西汀组按照2.33 mg/kg剂量给予盐酸氟西汀灌胃,假手术组和模型组给予等容积生理盐水灌胃,每日1次,共21 d。通过蔗糖水试验、旷场试验、强迫游泳试验观察其行为学变化,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清卵泡刺激素（follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH）、黄体生成素（luteinizing hormone,LH）、雌二醇（estradiol,E2）水平变化,采用Western blot法和Rt-PCR法检测下丘脑雌激素受体α（estrogen receptor alpha, ERα）及其mRNA表达水平。结果 柴坤解郁汤干预后,模型大鼠的蔗糖水偏好率、旷场总路程、旷场中心区域路程均显著升高（P＜0.05）,强迫游泳不动时间明显减少（P＜0.05）;大鼠血清FSH、LH水平显著降低（P＜0.05）,E2水平显著升高（P＜0.05）,下丘脑ERα蛋白及mRNA表达水平均显著升高（P＜0.05）。结论 柴坤解郁汤可以有效预防并改善围绝经期抑郁大鼠的应激状态,其作用机制与调节下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴激素含量和下丘脑ERα表达水平有关。     

STR and Y-STR genotyping of 30–50-year-old semen stains

This study performed the semen discrimination test, short tandem repeat (STR) typing, and Y-chromosome specific-STR (Y-STR) typing on five, 30–50-year-old semen stains. All samples reacted positively with the SM test reagent, and we observed sperm heads in all samples microscopically. The quantity of DNA extracted from the 43- and 50-year-old samples was much lower than from the other samples. STR typing of the 30-, 32-, 32-, 43-, and 50-year-old semen samples detected a maximum of 13, 15, 15, 11, and 6 of 15 loci, respectively, while Y-STR typing detected 16, 16, 16, 10, and 10 of 16 loci. These results suggest that the semen discrimination test and STR and Y-STR typing can detect extremely old semen stains and are useful for forensic practice.     

正交试验法优选桃红四物汤的水提工艺

目的 优选桃红四物汤的水提工艺。方法 以芍药苷和浸膏得率为考察指标,以加水量、提取时间、提取次数为考察因素,采用正交试验优选桃红四物汤的最佳水提工艺。结果 桃红四物汤的最佳水提工艺为加12倍量水提取3次,每次1.5 h。结论 优选出的桃红四物汤的水提工艺合理,可为其工业化生产提供依据。     

三维街景地图在多道仪测试中的应用研究

多道仪测试中的证据探索类测试,在国外常借助地图予以实施,这被称为地图测试法。本文使用三维街景地图替代传统的平面图,取得了明显的成效。在一起重大杀人焚尸扬灰案测试中,为了寻找3年前被抛洒的死者骨灰,作者利用三维街景地图,既改进完善了传统地图测试法,又将街景地图测试的形式推广至情节测试。结果显示,较之图片测试法和视频测试法,三维街景地图测试对被测人更生动形象,刺激效果更好,测试结果令人满意。     

Injury Pattern as an Indication of Seat Belt Failure in Ejected Vehicle Occupants

Prior authors have suggested that when occupant ejection occurs in association with a seat belt failure, entanglement of the outboard upper extremity (OUE) with the retracting shoulder belt will invariably occur, leaving injury pattern evidence of belt use. In the present investigation, the authors assessed this theory using data accessed from the NASS‐CDS for ejected front seat occupants of passenger vehicles. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between seat belt failure status and injuries. Injury types associated with seat belt failure were significant OUE and head injuries (OR = 3.87, [95% CI 1.2, 13.0] and 3.1, [95% CI 1.0, 9.7], respectively). The two injury types were found to be a predictor of seat belt use and subsequent failure only if combined with a high (≥0.8) precrash probability of belt use. The injury pattern associated with a seat belt failure‐related ejection has limited use in the forensic investigation of crash‐related ejections.     

多指标正交试验优选苓桂术甘颗粒水提工艺

目的 优选苓桂术甘颗粒的水提工艺。方法 采用正交试验对水提工艺进行优化,以桂皮醛转移率、甘草酸转移率和干膏得率为评价指标,考察加水量、煎煮时间、煎煮次数对提取工艺的影响。结果 最佳提取工艺为加8倍量水,提取3次,每次煎煮1 h。结论 多指标加权考察水提工艺,既符合中药复方的复杂性,又能合理反映水提效果。该水提工艺设计合理,可为苓桂术甘颗粒的研制提供理论和试验基础。     

The physical competence test of the Dutch National Police: The effects of wearing a police uniform on test performance

ABSTRACT

In this study, we investigated the effects of wearing a police uniform and gear on officers’ performance during the Physical Competence Test (PCT) of the Dutch National Police. In a counterbalanced within-subjects design, twenty-seven police officers performed the PCT twice, once wearing sportswear and once wearing a police uniform. The results showed clear indications that wearing a police uniform influenced the performance on the PCT. Participants were on average 14 seconds slower in a police uniform than in sportswear. Furthermore, performing the test in uniform was accompanied by higher RPE-scores and total physiological load. It seems that wearing a police uniform during the test diminishes the discrepancy between physical fitness needed to pass the simulated police tasks in the PCT and the job-specific physical fitness that is required during daily police work. This suggests that wearing a police uniform during the test will increase the representativeness of the testing environment for the work field.     

貂源铜绿假单孢菌的分离鉴定及其致病性研究

为确定山东威海某养殖场发病水貂的病原菌,从发病水貂肺中分离并纯化细菌,根据其形态特征、培养特性、生化试验结果及PCR鉴定,确定其为铜绿假单孢菌。致病性试验中,将8.0×1010CFU/mL的菌液10倍系列稀释后,感染60日龄健康昆明系小鼠,半数致死量和最小致死量分别为1.4×107 CFU/mL和8.0×106 CFU/mL。剖检死亡小鼠可见皮下和肺出血,并能从死亡小鼠的肺中分离出与感染菌株形态特征完全一致的菌落。药敏试验结果显示,该分离菌株对庆大霉素、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、头孢哌酮等较为敏感,而对青霉素、链霉素不敏感。系统发育分析结果表明,该分离菌株与从小麦中分离的铜绿假单孢菌的亲缘关系最近,据此怀疑该发病水貂有可能是食用了污染的饲料引起的。     

汽车排放的简易工况法测试实践(一)

汽车排放的简易工况法测试方法,包括三个内容:测试运转循环、测试限值标准和测试设备.本文论述简易工况法制订的理论依据和实践方法.