The Accuracy of Handheld Pre‐Arrest Breath Test Instruments as a Predictor of the Evidential Breath Alcohol Test Results

Drunk driving is a serious threat to public safety. All available and appropriate tools for curbing this threat should be employed to their full extent. The handheld pre‐arrest breath test instrument (PBT) is one tool for identifying the alcohol‐impaired driver and enforcing drunk driving legislation. A set of data was evaluated (n = 1779) where the PBT instrument was employed in drunk driving arrests to develop a multivariate predictive model. When maintained and operated by trained personnel, the PBT provides a reasonable estimate of the evidential test result within the relevant forensic range (95% prediction interval:  ± 0.003 g/210 L). ROC analysis shows that a multivariate model for PBT prediction of the evidentiary alcohol concentration above versus below the legal limit of 0.08 g/210 L has excellent performance with an AUC of 0.96. These results would be of value in evidential hearings seeking to admit the PBT results in drunk driving trials.     

A Simple Digestion Method with a Lefort Aqua Regia Solution for Diatom Extraction

Presence of diatoms in tissues has been considered as a significant sign of drowning. However, there are limitations in the present extraction methods. We developed a new digestion method using the Lefort aqua regia solution (3:1 nitric acid to hydrochloric acid) for diatom extraction and evaluated the digestive capability, diatom destruction, and diatoms' recovery of this new method. The kidney tissues from rabbit mixed with water rich in diatoms were treated by the Lefort aqua regia digestion method (n = 10) and the conventional acid digestion method (n = 10). The results showed that the digestive capability of Lefort aqua regia digestion method was superior to conventional acid digestion method (p < 0.01); the structure of diatom remained almost intact; and the recovery of diatom was comparable to the conventional acid digestion method (p > 0.05). The Lefort aqua regia reagent is an improvement over the conventional acid digestion for recovery of diatoms from tissue samples.     

法医DNA分析的其他应用

综述了法医DNA的多种用途,如人死后根据体内DNA变化情况推断死后时间间隔,利用线粒体DNA4977bp的缺失以及端粒的长度推断年龄;利用昆虫mtDNA的细胞色素氧化酶亚基I进行昆虫种属鉴定,以帮助确定人的腐尸死亡时间;利用一些食血昆虫体内的人DNA帮助了解与案件的关系;利用DNA标记进行动物如犬、牛、马及猪等个体识别与亲子鉴定,解决因动物引起的纠纷,或者利用DNA分析嫌疑人周围的动物毛发、植物及土壤微生物等,确定嫌疑人与案件的关系。     

羧化胶乳凝集试验检测边缘无形体血清抗体的研究

利用边缘无形体可溶性抗原 ,以化学交联的方式致敏羧化胶乳制成胶乳抗原 ,成功地建立了一种检测牛边缘无形体血清抗体的胶乳凝集试验 (LAT)诊断方法。用制备的胶乳抗原分别检测瑟氏泰勒虫、双芽巴贝虫、衣原体、附红细胞体阳性血清 ,结果均为阴性 ;与边缘无形体标准阳性血清、免疫牛血清、流行区血清样品均呈明显的凝集反应。研究结果表明 ,LAT方法具有操作简单、快速、敏感性高、特异性强、成本低廉等优点 ,是一种特别适合于基层现场检测边缘无形体血清抗体的新方法。     

论心理测试程序的阶段划分

心理测试程序可以划分为测试前阶段、测试中阶段和测试后阶段。测试前阶段可分为受理测试、测前准备和测前谈话三个部分;测试中阶段可分为连接传感器、激励测试和计划测试三个部分;测试后阶段可分为评析图谱、测后谈话和作出测试结论三个部分。     

关于高校题库考试的反思

当今 ,许多学校和机构纷纷在进行题库建设。在运用题库考试的过程中 ,人们积累了许多经验 ,但也存在着一些问题。 1 理念是绩效考评还是促进发展 ;2 导向是应试教育还是素质教育 ;3 建设是渐进式还是跨越式 ;4 实施是便于操作还是追求真实 ;5 操作是纯暗箱式还是半暗箱式。对此反思 ,有利于更好地运用题库进行考试。     

心理测试中的注意心理机制

心理测试(俗称测谎)的主要任务就是发现被测人记忆中是否存在有关测试主题的心理信息,而心理信息的形成主要取决于注意,所以说注意是心理信息形成的重要源泉,也是心理测试的一个重要心理学基础,因此对注意心理机制的分析将有助于测试题目的编制和结果的分析,从而提高测试的有效性和准确性。     

鸡血清异种凝集素的应用研究

通过实验研究，证明家养鸡血清小含有“抗Ａ”、“抗Ｂ”及“抗Ｈ”三种异种凝集素。鸡血清中“Ｈ”凝集素能应用于体液班（唾液斑、精燃）Ｈ物质的检测。我们已在教学及检案实践小使用，效果良好。     

论完善我国亲权鉴定制度

本文着重探讨我国目前亲权鉴定领域内存在立法缺位、技术标准不统一、鉴定结论审查不严以及由此引起的诸多现实问题。提出确立防止亲权鉴定滥用原则、建立亲权鉴定质量保证和质量控制体系以及制定对亲权鉴定结论的严格审查采信制度这三个方面进行制度完善。     

用α-珠旦白-3’HVR探针研究DNA指纹

用α-珠蛋白-3’HVR探针,经Southern印迹法,对100名不相关个体及4个家系的32名相关个体的DNA指纹进行了检测,所产生的DNA图谱具有高度的个体特异性,在被测的所有个体中无一相同。经统计学计算表明,任意两个个体DNA指纹图重合率为10~(-11)。家系分析毒明,DNA片段严格按照孟德尔方式遗传。该探针的应用,将在法医学亲子鉴定和个人同一认定中发挥重要的作用。