论房屋征收补偿协议要式化的困境与出路

房屋征收补偿协议的法律属性是行政契约,征收人的签约行为是一种要式行政行为。我国相关法律规范对房屋征收补偿协议签约行为的主体、程序、内容与方式等进行了要式化构造。通过考察房屋征收补偿的地方法律规范、裁判文书以及征收补偿实践参与者的感受,可以发现补偿协议签约行为要式化在实践中存在征收人权力行使恣意、被征收人的契约性权利遭受严重侵害的困境。落实与完善房屋征收补偿协议签约行为的要式化法律制度,应以"权力与契约的整合"为法理指引,建立签约阶段主体地位平等关系,利用签约程序规制行政权力,提升签约内容的合意性以及强调签约方式的合作性,并在上述理念指引下,以限定签约主体范围与进行信用管理,完善前置程序、签约期限与救济程序,优化奖励制度、协商机制与生效要件,实施违法监督与行政问责等为具体出路。     

Evidentiary Standards for Forensic Anthropology*

Abstract: As issues of professional standards and error rates continue to be addressed in the courts, forensic anthropologists should be proactive by developing and adhering to professional standards of best practice. There has been recent increased awareness and interest in critically assessing some of the techniques used by forensic anthropologists, but issues such as validation, error rates, and professional standards have seldom been addressed. Here we explore the legal impetus for this trend and identify areas where we can improve regarding these issues. We also discuss the recent formation of a Scientific Working Group for Forensic Anthropology (SWGANTH), which was created with the purposes of encouraging discourse among anthropologists and developing and disseminating consensus guidelines for the practice of forensic anthropology. We believe it is possible and advisable for anthropologists to seek and espouse research and methodological techniques that meet higher standards to ensure quality and consistency in our field.     

间接代理制度对仲裁条款的适用

正确解释合同法第402条和第403条对仲裁条款具有的规范效力,在仲裁实践中具有重大意义。但就涉及有仲裁条款的案型而言,作为归属规范的合同法第402条,出现违反法律计划之不圆满性,属于规整漏洞,应以目的性扩张方法填补;合同法第403条对间接代理中的仲裁条款无适用余地,但可运用合理利益原则创设仲裁条款自动移转规则,此非合同法第403条之解释和适用的结果,而是通过仲裁条款的解释对所涉当事人意思的拟制。中国民法的知识形态应转向以解释论为主导的路径,即以现行法、判例和教义学语句为对象展开法律论证,在法律的解释和适用以及法教义学的形成中促成法的成长。     

劳动合同的法定条款研究

我国现有的劳动立法对劳动合同法定必备条款的设计存在着诸多问题：一是将劳动基准强制立法内容规定为双方可以约定的内容;二是过分限制了双方可以自由约定的权利;三是相当部分条款的规定在立法上存在着重复与矛盾之处。这就要求立法者应当以尊重劳资双方当事人意思自治、维护劳资伦理合作关系、在平衡和保护双方利益关系及当事人正当权利的基础上适当向劳动者倾斜、明确劳动基准强制性立法与劳动合同必备条款授权性立法内容之间的范围及其相互关系等为基本原则,重新设定劳动合同的法定必备条款。     

刑事和解的契约法视角解读

刑事和解制度作为近年来刑事纠纷解决的趋势,已经引起了学者的广泛关注。应就刑 事和解的源流进行初步的考证,并就有关这一制度的理论基础及其契约化问题进行深 入讨论。     

俄罗斯在八国集团中的异质性评析

2002年饿罗斯艰难地加入八国集团,但是它与其他成员之间的矛盾重重,在八国集团中的异质性表现越来越突出.八国集团的目标是"自由贸易和民主",根据欧洲智库外交政策中心制定的评估体系进行考核可以发现:俄罗斯的经济规模不利于其加入G8;根据1975年G6成立宣言中列出的承诺与原则,俄罗斯在政治上和经济上都不算是民主和自由的;饿罗斯成为G8成员国是不符合常规的;其他的G8成员国也必须制定出具体的政策,以促使俄罗斯实现其承诺.     

论股权分置改革中的利益均衡--寻找利益均衡的契约基础

公司乃一系列合约的连结,流通股股东和非流通股股东分别与公司形成独立的投资契约,两者之间形成的则是对公司权力配置与划分的契约.股权分置改革解决的基本问题是流通股股东和非流通股股东如何变更分权契约以实现契约正义和利益均衡,契约正义和利益均衡的本质要求是契约主体地位平等前提下的意思自治.为此必须健全股东参与和表决机制、确定合理的对价定价机制、完善信息披露制度、保证异议股东的回购或收购请求权、完善纠纷解决机制以及加强控制市场建设.     

股票公开发行的监管合约选择——交易费用视角下中国股票公开发行审核制度的变迁

随着股权分置改革的顺利进行,我国股票公开发行审核制度改革已被提上议程。但与实践的迫切需求不相适应的是,我国学界对于股票公开发行审核制度的研究尚处于一个不成熟的阶段,现有研究文献未能对我国股票公开发行审核制度的变迁予以有说服力的解释,因此,无法为决策者提供可资借鉴的改革方案或思路。运用交易费用理论框架,对中国股票公开发行审核制度的变迁过程进行梳理,识别出在审批制和核准制下政府为降低交易费用而选择的监管合约,剖析了这些监管合约的内容和选择的原因,并在此基础上对我国股票公开发行审核制度的改革方向及可行性予以分析。     

Cyber insurance – What coverage in case of an alleged act of War? Questions raised by the Mondelez v. Zurich case

In October 2018, snack company Mondelez International, Inc. (Mondelez) filed an action against Zurich American Insurance Company (Zurich), requesting indemnification for more than USD $100,000,000 in losses caused by the NotPetya cyber virus. Zurich refuses to cover these damages alleging one of the insurance policy's exclusions for damage resulting from a hostile or warlike action by a government, as the NotPetya attack is said to have been sponsored by Russia. This case is noteworthy for multiple reasons: not only is it the first significant legal dispute in the insurance field concerning the recovery of costs resulting from a cyber attack, but it is also the first time that an insurance company is invoking the war exclusion to decline coverage for an allegedly state-sponsored cyber hack.This article analyzes the key issues of this important case, including attribution of a cyber attack to a State and interpretation of an insurance policy's war exclusion in a cyber context, and the likelihood of success of Mondelez's arguments. It also explores the strengths and limits of general principles of contract and public international law when applied to new technologies and cyber incidents. Finally, it discusses the potential impacts of the Mondelez case on the contents and limits of future traditional and cyber-specific insurance policies.     

Mainstreaming Therapeutic Jurisprudence in Family Law: The Israeli Child Protection Law as a Case Study

This article considers the contribution of therapeutic jurisprudence (TJ) to the theoretical development and practical advancement of reforms in child care law. It does so by presenting three dilemmas arising from The Israeli Youth Law (Care and Supervision) 1960 relating to its substance, procedures, and practice. TJ is a “field of enquiry” that examines the influence of the law on litigants in order to advance rules and practices that have therapeutic effects and to minimize the use of rules and practices that have antitherapeutic ones. Following the TJ methodology, we integrate psychosocial findings into the legal discussion. We propose some therapeutic practices, as well as legal reform to make the child protection legal regime more TJ friendly for children and families.