Parentally imprinted allele (PIA) typing in the differentially methylated region upstream of the human H19 gene

The H19 gene is a paternally imprinted gene located on chromosome 11p15.5. In this study, the H19FR1 and H19FR2 haplotype polymorphisms including four and three SNPs, respectively, upstream of the H19 gene according to the GenBank sequence (accession no. AF125183) were investigated. Five haplotypes and nine genotypes were detected for H19FR1 in the Chinese Han population by means of PCR and subsequent denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The power of discrimination (Dp), polymorphism information content (PIC) and probability of paternity exclusion (PE) were estimated to be 0.803, 0.58 and 0.322, respectively. For the H19FR2, two haplotypes and three genotyes were observed, and the Dp, PIC and PE were 0.626, 0.37 and 0.162, respectively. Sequencing results showed that only two of the four reported SNPs, a7342g and g7547a, were detected in H19FR1 in the Chinese Han population, and two new SNPs, g7351c and a7357g, were found. In the H19FR2 region, only one of the three reported SNPs, a8097g, was detected. Based on the methylation status of the genomic DNA, selective detection of the parental alleles for H19FRs was examined by using two types of enzymes, the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme (msRE) HpaII or HhaI and McrBC. Genomic DNA digested by either HpaII or HhaI, revealed a single band derived from the paternal allele, as a result of cleavage of unmethylated recognition sites on the maternal allele. On the contrary, the use of McrBC, which can digest a methylated paternal sequence, resulted in exclusively amplifying the maternal allele. This parentally imprinted allele (PIA) typing method could be one of the useful techniques for discriminating the parental origin of alleles.     

论改革中国的出入境检查制度

中国现有的出入境检查制度存在不足之处，例如法律欠缺、行政诉讼程序有瑕疵、查控电脑软件有漏洞等。建议通过完善立法、改进电子化管理程度、革新出入境检验技术以及提高执法人员素质等举措来改革中国出入境检查制度，以便落实反恐维稳等保障国家安全的战略对策。     

Cerebral massive hemorrhage in congophilic angiopathy and its medicolegal significance

The principles of a special type of senile cerebromeningeal angiopathy, these days usually named “congophilic angiopathy”, are demonstrated on the basis of eight cases, complicated by spontaneous massive intracranial hemorrhages in seven and late traumatic hemorrhage in one of them. The occurrence of massive hemorrhages associated with congophilic angiopathy has until now only rarely been reported. The medicolegal significance of this vascular disease is emphasized by the eighth, traumatic, case, which became forensically relevant; the late massive hemorrhage had to be regarded as significantly favoured by amyloid angionecrosis, which is the main feature of congophilic angiopathy.     

公共财政支出结构失衡对区域经济协调增长的影响研究

关于公共财政支出结构失衡对区域经济协调增长影响的研究表明,只有当各区域生产性支出与非生产支出相等时,各区域之间的经济增长速度才能达到最大化。在构建衡量公共财政支出结构失衡指标的基础上,通过指数计算,可以发现中部地区的财政支出结构失衡程度最严重,其次是东部,最后是西部。再运用该指数并结合运用1994年—2007年的面板数据,采用系统广义矩两步法对公共财政支出结构失衡与区域经济协调增长之间的关系进行实证分析,结果表明,东部的财政支出结构失衡反而能够促进经济的增长,中部和西部地区的财政支出结构失衡对经济增长并没有明显的作用。因此,我国地方政府财政支出结构需要得到进一步改善,才能促进区域之间经济的均衡增长。     

Avian influenza, ‘viral sovereignty’, and the politics of health security in Indonesia

Abstract

In December 2006, Indonesian Health Minister, Siti Fadilah Supari, shocked the world when announcing her government would no longer be sharing samples of the H5N1 avian flu virus, collected from Indonesian patients, with the World Health Organization, at a time when global fears of a deadly influenza pandemic were running high. For observers of Southeast Asian politics, the decision reinforced the view of the region as made up of states determined to protect their national sovereignty, at almost all costs. This established view of the region, however, generally neglects the variable and selective manner in which sovereignty has been invoked by Southeast Asian governments, or parts thereof, and fails to identify the conditions shaping the deployment of sovereignty. In this paper, it is argued that Siti's action was designed to harness claims of sovereignty to a domestic political struggle. It was a response to the growing fragmentation and, in some cases, denationalisation of the governance apparatus dealing with public health in Indonesia, along with the ‘securitisation’ of H5N1 internationally. The examination of the virus-sharing dispute demonstrates that in Southeast Asia sovereignty is not so much the ends of government action, but the means utilised by government actors for advancing particular political goals.     

Kosovo: Statebuilding Utopia and Reality

ABSTRACT

Twenty years of international statebuilding have made little impact on the ‘stateness’ of Kosovo. This article puts this failure in the broader context of the shift from the liberal internationalist assumptions of the late 1990s to the pragmatic realism of today. It does this through the lenses of E H Carr’s classic work The Twenty Years’ Crisis, UN policy thinking on the problematic assumptions of international statebuilding and the diagnoses in David Lake’s 2016 book The Statebuilder’s Dilemma, which sets out three pragmatic alternatives. The article concludes that all three of these alternatives can be seen in practice in Kosovo.     

中国(辽宁地区)汉族人群血清H因子多型性分布的研究

应用超薄层聚丙烯酸胶凝胶等电聚焦电泳结合免疫印迹技术，首次报导中国（辽宁地区）汉族人群血清中H因子遗传多型性的分布。HF的基因频率：HFA=0．4828，HFB=0．5172，按Hardy-Weinberg法则进行吻合度检验，其观察值与期望值一致，并对中国（辽宁地区）与其它人群HF等位基因的差异性做了比较。     

西南地区汉族男性CT颅面径线与身高的关系

目的通过CT测量西南地区汉族男性颅面径线,建立该地区汉族男性颅面径线与身高的回归模型,为法医人类学研究积累数据。方法收集273例西南地区汉族男性头部CT资料,确定颅面部7条径线,运用图像后处理软件进行多平面重建和容积再现,对所选径线进行测量。对各测量指标与身高的相关性运用SPSS 21.0进行分析,建立推断身高的回归方程,并重新选取50例样本代入该数学模型进行检验。结果建立了7条径线的线性回归方程(P0.05);一元线性回归方程相关系数为0.190~0.439,标准估计误差(SEE)为4.597~5.023 cm;多元线性回归方程复相关系数为0.494~0.524,SEE为4.418~4.458 cm。回代检验得y=83.959+3.589 x_6+2.573 x_2,±1SEE准确率最高,为30%;y=72.646+3.316 x6+1.586 x_2+1.553 x_4+2.211 x_3,±2SEE准确率最高,为92%。结论本研究所选取的7条径线与身高均有明显的直线相关性,所建立的多元回归方程适用于推断西南地区汉族男性身高。     

Evaluating digital video transcoding for forensic derivative results

Video data received for analysis often come in a variety of file formats and compression schemes. These data are often transcoded to a consistent file format for forensic examination and/or ingesting into a video analytic system. The file format often requested is an MP4 file format. The MP4 file format is a very common and a universally accepted file format. The practical application of this transcoding process, across the analytical community, has generated differences in video quality. This study sought to explore possible origins of the differences and assist the practitioner by defining minimum recommendations to ensure that quality of the video data is maintained through the transcoding process. This study sought to generate real world data by asking participants to transcode provided video files to an MP4 file format using programs they would typically utilize to perform this task. The transcoded results were evaluated based on measurable metrics of quality. As the results were analyzed, determining why these differences might have occurred became less about a particular software application and more about the settings employed by the practitioner or of the capabilities of the program. This study supports the need for any video examiner who is transcoding video data to be cognizant of the settings utilized by the programs employed for transcoding video data, as loss of video quality can affect analytics as well as further analysis.