Blunt Craniofacial Trauma as a Manifestation of Excited Delirium Caused by New Psychoactive Substances

The body of a 19‐year‐old male was found apparently concealed underneath bushes with recent head and facial trauma, and multiple superficial abrasions. Subsequently, it was discovered that the decedent had been running into objects and buildings following the ingestion the evening before of what was thought to be lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Blood staining of a nearby wall close to where the body was lying was in keeping with the described behavior. Toxicology revealed 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy), in addition to two only recently available drugs 2‐(4‐bromo‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐N‐[(2‐methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine, (25B‐NBOMe), and 1‐(3,4‐methylenedioxyphenyl)‐2‐(1‐pyrrolidinyl)‐1‐butanone, (MDPBP). At autopsy, the skull was fractured with cerebral swelling, contusions, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Death was due to blunt cranial trauma against a background of mixed drug toxicity. The case demonstrates a rare cause of death in a drug‐induced acute delirium, as well as highlighting two new designer street drugs that may result in significant aberrant behavior.     

小鼠皮肤损伤愈合过程中PI3K/Akt通路的作用

目的探讨小鼠皮肤损伤愈合过程中损伤区磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase,PI3K)、磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(phospho-PI3K,p-PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,PKB,又称Akt)和磷酸化蛋白激酶B(phospho-Akt,p-Akt)的表达及其随时间的变化规律。方法应用免疫组织化学染色、Western印迹法和real-time PCR技术检测小鼠皮肤损伤不同时间段PI3K、Akt、p-PI3K及p-Akt的变化情况。结果免疫组织化学染色显示,皮肤损伤后,PI3K、p-Akt阳性染色出现在单核细胞和成纤维细胞,峰值出现在组织修复期。Western印迹法显示,各个时间段均有PI3K、p-PI3K、Akt、p-Akt的阳性条带,其中p-PI3K、p-Akt表达的峰值出现在炎症期和增生期,PI3K、Akt表达的高峰出现在组织重建期。real-time PCR结果显示,PI3K m RNA的峰值出现在炎症期和组织重建期,Akt m RNA的峰值出现在组织重建期。结论在皮肤损伤愈合过程中,PI3K、Akt、p-PI3K及p-Akt的表达变化呈现不同的规律性并有较好的时间依赖性,PI3K/Akt通路的表达规律可以用于法医学损伤时间推断。     

Synthesis and Analysis of Glucuronic Acid‐Conjugated Metabolites of 4‐Bromo‐2,5‐Dimethoxyphenethylamine

In the study reported here, two glucuronic acid‐conjugated metabolites of 4‐bromo‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C‐B)—a ring‐substituted psychoactive phenethylamine—were chemically synthesized for the first time and a method for analyzing them in urine was developed. β‐D‐Glucuronide of 4‐bromo‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenylethylalcohol was successfully synthesized using methyl 2,3,4‐tri‐Ο‐acetyl‐1‐O‐(trichloroacetimidoyl)‐α‐D‐glucuronate as a glucuronyl donor and boron trifluoride diethylether complex as a Lewis acid catalyst. β‐D‐Glucuronide of 4‐bromo‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenylacetic acid was synthesized by condensing 4‐bromo‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenylacetic acid and benzyl D‐glucuronate followed by benzyl group deprotection based on catalytic hydrogenation. Two glucuronic acid‐conjugated metabolites of 2C‐B in urine were qualitatively and semiquantitatively evaluated via direct liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis of a diluted urine sample. The simple method proposed is expected to be useful for studying the metabolic fate of 2C‐B.     

SNaPshot技术应用于云南省部分人群ABO血型基因分型

目的应用SNa Pshot技术对ABO血型进行基因型检测。方法采集107份已知血型(由血清学获得)的云南无关个体静脉血提取DNA,运用SNa Pshot Multiplex试剂盒对ABO血型基因的第261、297、681、703、802和803核苷酸位置的6个SNP位点进行复合扩增检测,计算相关遗传学参数。结果 107份血样中A、B、O~A、O~G 4个等位基因的频率分别为0.355 1、0.168 2、0.230 0、0.247 6,其中A~G和顺式AB未检出,ABO基因分型结果与血清学检验的结果一致。结论 SNaPshot技术适用于ABO血型基因的分型。     

A Cannabis sativa STR Genotype Database for Australian Seizures: Forensic Applications and Limitations*

Abstract: A genetic database was established with the aim of documenting the genetic diversity of Cannabis sativa in Australia for future utilization in forensic investigations. The database consisted of genotypes at 10 validated short tandem repeat loci for 510 plants representing drug seizures from across Australia and 57 fiber samples. A total of 106 alleles and 314 different genotypes were detected. All fiber samples exhibited unique genotypes while 55% of the drug samples shared a genotype with one or more samples. Shared genotypes were mostly found within seizures; however, some genotypes were found among seizures. Statistical analysis indicated that genotype sharing was a consequence of clonal propagation rather than a lack of genetic resolution. Thus, the finding of shared genotypes among seizures is likely due to either a common supplier, or direct links among seizures. Notwithstanding the potential intelligence information provided by genetic analysis of C. sativa, our database analysis also reveals some present limitations.     

国际人权公约与中国刑事诉讼制度改革

我国于1998年签署了《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》,该公约确立了一系列有关刑事诉讼的国际准则。基于"条约必须信守"的原则,如何以刑事诉讼的国际准则为参照,推进我国刑事诉讼法的改革和完善,是我国当前刑事司法制度改革所面临的重大问题。本文以国际人权公约的批准和实施为视角,对我国刑事诉讼程序与国际准则的一致性与差异性进行了分析研究,并就刑事司法改革的若干重大问题提出了相应的建议。     

肠出血性大肠杆菌VT1B亚单位的重组表达及其单克隆抗体的制备

为制备抗肠出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)VT1B亚单位的单克隆抗体(McAb),以大肠杆菌EDL933的基因组DNA为模板扩增VT1B基因,纯化后经BamHⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切,连入表达载体pGEX-6P-1,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-VT1B,转化到大肠杆菌BL21中,经IPTG诱导,实现了融合蛋白的高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的27%。重组蛋白纯化后,免疫BALB/c小鼠制备单克隆抗体,获得3株融合细胞1G11、2H8、1B10,Western-blotting表明,此3株单抗能与VT1B蛋白特异性结合而与载体蛋白不反应。Ig亚类分别为IgG1、IgG2a和IgG2b,染色体数均大于100,腹水单抗ELISA抗体效价大于1∶256000,亲和常数分别为0.54×108M-1、0.95×108M-1、0.33×107M-1,间接ELISA叠加试验初步鉴定结果表明,这3株单抗针对的是同一抗原表位。此3株特异性单抗的获得为VT1毒素的检测奠定了基础。     

羊口疮病毒F1L基因的克隆及其B细胞表位预测

为了研究羊口疮病毒(ORFV)F1L基因,以该病毒基因组DNA为模板,应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增得到1011bp的F1L基因,将其插入pMD18-TEasy克隆载体,构建了F1L基因克隆重组质粒;再将该基因片段插入pGEX-6P-1表达载体,通过PCR、限制性内切酶双酶切和测序鉴定,得到F1L基因插入方向和读码框结构均正确的阳性质粒,表明,成功构建了羊口疮病毒F1L基因的重组表达载体。通过对F1L基因序列进行生物信息学分析,预测发现F1L蛋白亲水、无信号肽,B细胞表位主要位于第4～8位、第16～22位、第32～53位、第59～73位、第82～99位和第123～133位氨基酸。这将为建立ORFV诊断方法、制备单克隆抗体及合成肽疫苗奠定基础。     

番鸭呼肠孤病毒σB蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

以纯化复性的原核表达的番鸭呼肠孤病毒(MDRV)σB蛋白为抗原免疫BALB/c雌性小鼠,按常规方法制备单克隆抗体,通过间接ELISA、Western-blot和免疫组织化学试验进行筛选及鉴定.结果显示,获得4株能够稳定分泌抗σB蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株(A3F、B2B、C3E和D2G),其亚型分别属于IgG2b、IgG2b、IgM和IgM.采用小鼠体内诱生法制备的腹水均能与MDRV的σB蛋白发生特异性反应,表明,制备的单克隆抗体能够识别天然构象的σB蛋白.     

中国《海商法》下FOB托运人的法律问题探究

中国《海商法》下的托运人分为契约托运人与交货托运人两种,在FOB条件下,两者并存。如何认定二者,特别在提单记名托运人与交货托运人不一致时,如何认定交货托运人,提单应该签发给谁,此时的交货托运人是否享有诉权等问题一直困扰着我们,本文对上述问题逐一进行了分析。