乙肝歧视的“变种”及其规制思路

《就业促进法》施行后,乙肝歧视往往呈现出更加隐蔽的形式,为有效保护乙肝病毒携带者的平等就业权,要对乙肝歧视的＂变种＂进行分类解读并提出规制思路。     

中国《海商法》下FOB托运人的法律问题探究

中国《海商法》下的托运人分为契约托运人与交货托运人两种,在FOB条件下,两者并存。如何认定二者,特别在提单记名托运人与交货托运人不一致时,如何认定交货托运人,提单应该签发给谁,此时的交货托运人是否享有诉权等问题一直困扰着我们,本文对上述问题逐一进行了分析。     

Testing the performance of mtSNP minisequencing in forensic samples

There is a growing interest among forensic geneticists in developing efficient protocols for genotyping coding region mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) SNPs (mtSNPs). Minisequencing is becoming a popular method for SNP genotyping, but it is still used by few forensic laboratories. In part, this is due to the lack of studies testing its efficiency and reproducibility when applied to real and complex forensic samples. Here we tested a minisequencing design that consists of 71 mtSNPs (in three multiplexes) that are diagnostic of known branches of the R0 phylogeny, in real forensic samples, including degraded bones and teeth, hair shafts, and serial dilutions. The fact that amplicons are short coupled with the natural efficiency of the minisequencing technique allow these assays to perform well with all the samples tested either degraded and/or those containing low DNA amount. We did not observe phylogenetic inconsistencies in the 71 mtSNP haplotypes generated, indicating that the technique is robust against potential artefacts that could arise from unintended contamination and/or spurious amplification of nuclear mtDNA pseudogenes (NUMTs).     

恩替卡韦联合扶正化瘀胶囊治疗肝郁血瘀型慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的 观察恩替卡韦联合扶正化瘀胶囊治疗肝郁血瘀型慢性乙型肝炎的临床疗效。方法 将60例肝郁血瘀型慢性乙型肝炎患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例;在常规保肝及支持治疗的基础上,对照组仅予恩替卡韦治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上联合扶正化瘀胶囊治疗;比较治疗前和治疗后4、12、24、48周末两组患者血清乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis B virus,HBV）DNA水平、乙型肝炎病毒e抗原（hepatitis B e antigen,HBeAg）定量和肝功能［丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、总胆红素（totol bilirubin,TBIL）］、肝脏瞬时弹性变化情况。结果 治疗4周末,观察组患者血清HBV-DNA转阴率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗48周后,观察组HBeAg转阴率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗4周末,两组患者血清ALT、TBIL水平均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）;治疗12周末,两组患者ALT、TBIL水平均较治疗4周末显著降低（P<0.05）;治疗24周末与治疗48周末,两组ALT、TBIL水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组治疗4周末血清ALT、TBIL水平,治疗12、24周末TBIL水平较对照组降低更为明显（P<0.05）。治疗48周末,两组患者肝脏瞬时弹性均显著降低（P<0.05）,观察组肝脏瞬时弹性指标降低程度显著大于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 恩替卡韦联合扶正化瘀胶囊治疗有助于提高肝郁血瘀型慢性乙型肝炎患者HBeAg转阴率、HBV-DNA快速应答率,并对肝功能改善和抗肝纤维化均有较好作用。     

加味半夏白术天麻汤对椎基底动脉供血不足眩晕大鼠血管活性物质的影响

目的 观察加味半夏白术天麻汤对椎基底动脉供血不足（vertebrobasilar insufficiency,VBI）眩晕大鼠血管活性物质的影响。方法 将SPF级SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性对照组（用盐酸氟桂利嗪1.53 mg/kg灌胃治疗）、实验组（用加味半夏白术天麻汤141.7 mg/kg灌胃治疗）,每组10只;将切除的一侧横突间骨翼置入骨膜下椎动脉内侧,以复制VBI眩晕模型;连续给药14 d,采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定各组大鼠血浆内皮素-1(endothelin-1, ET-1)、血栓素B2(thromboxane B2, TXB2)、6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, 6-Keto-PGF1α)、环磷酸腺苷（cyclin adenosine monophosphate, cAMP）的含量。结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血浆ET-1、TXB2、6-Keto-PGF1α、cAMP含量以及TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α比值均显著升高（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,阳性对照组和实验组上述指标均显著降低（P<0.05,或P<0.01）。结论 加味半夏白术天麻汤对VBI眩晕的治疗作用与降低血浆ET-1和cAMP含量,恢复TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α比值有关。     

消炎祛痘方对痤疮丙酸杆菌诱导的炎症反应抑制作用研究

目的 观察消炎祛痘方对痤疮丙酸杆菌诱导的人急性单核细胞（THP-1细胞）分泌炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1α（interleukin-1 alpha,IL-1α）、白细胞介素-8（interleukin-8,IL-8）的影响,探讨其调控痤疮丙酸杆菌诱导的炎症反应机制。方法 采用细胞计数试验盒-8检测消炎祛痘方对THP-1细胞活力的影响;采用ELISA法观察消炎祛痘方对THP-1细胞上清中TNF-α、IL-1α、IL-8水平的影响;采用qRT-PCR和Western blot法分别检测Toll样受体2（Toll like receptor 2,TLR2）及核因子-κB p65（nuclear factor-kappa B p65,NF-κB p65）mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。结果 25 μg/mL消炎祛痘方对THP-1细胞活性无明显影响,12.5、25 μg/mL消炎祛痘方均能抑制痤疮丙酸杆菌诱导的TNF-α、IL-1α、IL-8表达水平,但25 μg/mL消炎祛痘方对3种细胞因子表达的抑制作用更强。12.5、25 μg/mL消炎祛痘方均能抑制TLR2 mRNA的表达,并且两组TLR2 mRNA表达水平的差异无统计学意义。消炎祛痘方能有效降低痤疮丙酸杆菌诱导的TLR2表达水平,25 μg/mL消炎祛痘方降低TLR2的作用更明显。25 μg/mL消炎祛痘方能显著抑制NF-κB p65的表达。结论 消炎祛痘方能抑制痤疮丙酸杆菌诱导的THP-1细胞分泌炎症因子,其机制可能与抑制TLR2/NF-κB信号通路有关。     

经鼻给药沉香精油对单次长时间应激小鼠PTSD样行为及海马GluN2A、GluN2B表达的影响

目的 评价经鼻给药沉香精油对单次长时间应激（single-prolonged stress,SPS）诱导的小鼠创伤后应激障碍（posttraumatic stress disorder,PTSD）样行为的作用,并从突触的角度探讨其可能的作用机制。方法 通过气相色谱—质谱联用定性分析沉香精油主要成分;将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、沉香精油低剂量组、沉香精油高剂量组和阳性药组\[罗利普兰(Rolipram,ROL)\],每组8只。采用行为学实验评价SPS小鼠的PTSD样行为：分别通过恐惧记忆测试实验检测小鼠恐惧凝滞时间,旷场和高架十字迷宫实验评价小鼠的焦虑样行为。Western blot法检测小鼠海马组织N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor,NMDAR）2A亚单位（GluN2A）、2B亚单位（GluN2B）蛋白表达水平。结果 沉香精油样品中共检测到117种挥发性成分。动物实验结果表明,与正常组比较,模型组小鼠表现出强烈的焦虑样行为及恐惧记忆消退异常（P＜0.05）,而沉香精油及阳性药ROL可明显改善SPS小鼠的异常行为（P＜0.05）,并逆转GluN2A、GluN2B的异常表达（P＜0.05）。结论 经鼻给药沉香精油对SPS诱导的小鼠PTSD样行为具有改善作用,其机制可能与调控GluN2A、GluN2B蛋白表达有关。     

羊口疮病毒B2L截短重组蛋白刺激小鼠产生特异性抗体的研究

为研究羊口疮病毒(ORFV)新型亚单位疫苗,设计了ORFV B2L优势抗原表位截短重组蛋白,命名为HBBH并经原核表达和鉴定.以不同剂量HBBH不加或加不同佐剂,经滴鼻或颈部皮下注射免疫BALB/c小鼠,其中滴鼻共4组(HBBH 10 μg、20 μg、30μg和20 μg+LTB),注射组(HBBH 20 μg+20...     

Targeted Y chromosome capture enrichment in admixed South American samples with haplogroup Q

Y haplogroups, defined by Y-SNPs, allow the reconstruction of the human Y chromosome genealogy. Recently, MPS based panels were introduced in the forensic genetics community for Y-SNP typing and identification of a broad range of haplogroups. The panels are based on an amplicon strategy and allow the detection of up to 15,600 Y-SNPs. The panels target up to 210,000 bps, which should be compared to the overall 8.9 Mbps comprising the unique regions of the non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY). We present an alternative approach of sequencing unique regions within the NRY using target enrichment probes and hybridization capture. A total of 359,954 probes were designed using the SureDesign software, representing 7.5 Mbps of the NRY. Library preparation and capture were performed using the Agilent SureSelect XT HS2 Target Enrichment method and sequencing was performed in a NovaSeq 6000 System. Besides individual barcodes, the method also included unique molecular barcodes for additional quality screening. The method was tested on admixed South Americans that carry a Y chromosome of haplogroup Q. We successfully identified novel variation that could potentially help refining haplogroup Q phylogeny.     

Building in the Imagin(ed)(n)ation: An Essay Inspired by W.B. Yeats' – ``Meditations in Time of Civil War'

Ireland is a country haunted by a past which refuses to remain buried. This past irrupts and interupts in texts as diverse as the Irish Constitution and the poems of W.B. Yeats. This piece ruminates on the representation of the state's violent past in legal texts and in the poetry of W.B. Yeats and Paul Muldoon and attempts to draw links between the personal and the political narration of violence. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.