PCV2 ORF2 B细胞表位与PPV VP2真核表达质粒的构建及其免疫原性

为了研究猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)ORF2B细胞表位与猪细小病毒(PPV)VP2重组真核表达质粒的免疫原性,将PCV2ORF2的B细胞表位基因(141～257bp)重组到PPV SC-1株VP2基因的N端,构建了真核表达质粒pCI-VP2.ORF2B。用脂质体转染法将重组质粒pCI-VP2.ORF2B转染至Vero细胞中,利用间接免疫荧光法检测其在体外的表达情况。将重组质粒免疫小鼠,并设猪细小病毒灭活疫苗、猪圆环病毒亚单位疫苗和空载体对照组,采用MTT比色法、流式细胞术和ELISA法分别对免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞的转化功能,外周血CD4+和CD8+淋巴细胞比例,PCV2和PPV IgG抗体效价进行了检测。结果表明,转染Vero细胞后第48小时用间接免疫荧光法能在荧光显微镜下观察到绿色荧光,检测到特异性蛋白的表达;pCI-VP2.ORF2B免疫组脾淋巴细胞从第7天开始对ConA有明显反应,显著高于对照组;CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+T淋巴细胞的数量高于或显著高于对照组;在免疫后第14天检测到PPV/PCV2IgG抗体。提示pCI-VP2.ORF2B能够有效诱导机体产生细胞免疫和体液免疫反应。     

Unexpected Serotonin Syndrome,Epileptic Seizures,and Cerebral Edema Following 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐bromophenethylamine Ingestion

4‐bromo‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C‐B) is a designer drug. In Europe, 2C‐B is easily obtained and used for recreational purposes. It is known for its stimulating effects similar to those of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine, although in higher doses it has more hallucinogenic effects. Here, we report a case of 2C‐B ingestion, confirmed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, in an 18‐year‐old man. The neurological consequences were severe, including the development of serotonin syndrome and severe brain edema. Supportive therapy resulted in a stable condition, although, after several months, the patient still suffered from severe neurological impairment due to the drug‐induced toxicity. This case showed that 2C‐B could not be identified with the drugs of abuse screening routinely used in Dutch hospitals. The use of 2C‐B carries many risks, with potentially profound neurological damage, that both consumers and healthcare physicians are unaware of.     

Experimental Study on the Postmortem Redistribution of the Substituted Phenethylamine, 25B‐NBOMe

2‐(4‐Bromo‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐N‐(2‐methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (25B‐NBOMe) is a substituted phenethylamine, which has become highly prevalent worldwide since 2014. Recently, in an autopsy case involving fatal 25B‐NBOMe intoxication, we found the postmortem increase of 25B‐NBOMe concentration in the cardiac blood approximately 2 days after death. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of 25B‐NBOMe and reproduce the postmortem redistribution using a rat model. Sprague‐Dawley rats were killed 30 min after intraperitoneal injection of 25B‐NBOMe (0.5 mg/kg) and left for 0, 3, 6, 9, 15, or 24 h (six rats at each time point). Postmortem 25B‐NBOMe concentrations in the cardiac blood increased by more than 10‐fold at 6‐h postmortem. 25B‐NBOMe accumulated primarily in the lung. Moreover, this postmortem redistribution occurred even in rats that had died 1 week following the 25B‐NBOMe administration. These findings indicate that attention should be paid to sample collection and data interpretation in the toxicological analysis of 25B‐NBOMe.     

(Kein) Optionsrecht zugunsten gemeinnütziger Sportvereine bei Vermietung

R?umen die Mitgliedstaaten ihren Steuerpflichtigen das in Artikel 13 Teil C der Sechsten Richtlinie 77/388/EWG vorgesehene Recht ein, für eine Besteuerung zu optieren, so k?nnen sie nach der Art der Ums?tze oder nach Gruppen von Steuerpflichtigen unterscheiden, sofern sie die Ziele und die allgemeinen Grunds?tze der Sechsten Richtlinie, insbesondere den Grundsatz der steuerlichen Neutralit?t und das Erfordernis einer korrekten, einfachen und einheitlichen Anwendung der vorgesehenen Befreiungen beachten. Es ist Sache des nationalen Gerichts, festzustellen, ob eine nationale Rechtsvorschrift, die die Ums?tze gemeinnütziger Sportvereine generell von der Steuer befreit und dabei das Recht dieser Sportvereine beschr?nkt, für eine Besteuerung der Vermietungs- und Verpachtungsums?tze zu optieren, das den Mitgliedstaaten einger?umte Ermessen unter Berücksichtigung insbesondere des Grundsatzes der steuerlichen Neutralit?t und des Erfordernisses einer korrekten, einfachen und einheitlichen Anwendung der vorgesehenen Steuerbefreiungen überschreitet.     

百鹰汤治疗慢性乙型肝炎43例

目的：观察以“温阳益气、化湿清热”为法拟方的百鹰汤治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床疗效。方法：43例慢性乙型肝炎采用百鹰汤治疗作为治疗组，另设30例随机对照组以五酯胶囊治疗。结果：治疗组患临床症状改善明显，其降酶疗效和HBeAg与HBV－DNA阴转率明显优于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论：百鹰汤能改善慢性乙型肝炎患临床症状，具有抗病毒及改善肝功能的作用。     

微生态制剂—XA1503菌粉的研制和应用

从5株不同的蜡状芽胞杆菌中筛选出XA1503菌株,并与市售“止痢灵”菌种DM423蜡状芽胞杆菌进行了毒性和安全性试验的比较,证明XA1503菌株是一株十分安全无害的菌。用XA1503菌株制成的菌粉,经实验室和临床试验结果表明,它是一种有效的微生态制剂,用于畜禽肠道疾病的预防和治疗,特别是仔猪、犊牛、羔羊、仔犬的腹泻、鸡白痢有明显效果。     

大鼠原发性脑干损伤后S100B和GFAP的表达变化

目的观察大鼠原发性脑干损伤后脑干组织中S100B、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillory acidic protein,GFAP)的表达变化,探讨其与脑干损伤时间的变化规律及在损伤中的作用机制。方法建立机械性打击脑干损伤动物模型,利用HE染色、Gless嗜银染色和SP免疫组织化学法观察脑干组织中S100B、GFAP在损伤后不同时间的表达,并应用图像分析技术对其进行统计学分析。结果 S100B阳性表达于伤后30 min开始增多,随时间延长逐渐升高,于24 h达到高峰后开始下降,并于72 h基本降至正常水平;GFAP阳性表达于伤后30 min开始升高,48 h达到高峰后开始下降,但仍高于对照组。结论原发性脑干损伤后S100B、GFAP的表达具有时间规律性,在原发性脑干损伤时间的推断及神经修复过程中具有一定的作用。     

“The most patient of animals,next to the ass:” Jan Smuts,Howard University,and African American Leadership, 1930

Former South African Prime Minister Jan Smuts’s 1930 European and North American tour included a series of interactions with diasporic African and African American activists and intelligentsia. Among Smuts’s many remarks stands a particular speech he delivered in New York City, when he called Africans “the most patient of all animals, next to the ass.” Naturally, this and other comments touched off a firestorm of controversy surrounding Smuts, his visit, and segregationist South Africa’s laws. Utilizing news coverage, correspondence, and recollections of the trip, this article uses his visit as a lens into both African American relations with Africa and white American foundation work toward the continent and, especially, South Africa. It argues that the 1930 visit represents an early example of black internationalism and solidarity, reflecting a shift from sociocultural connections between Africa and the diaspora to creating political movements on behalf of African people. To contextualize this visit, we assess events surrounding a meeting that the Phelps-Stokes Fund organized for Smuts at Howard University, using this as a lens into the two disparate, yet interlocked, communities.     

FOB条件下卖方优先获得提单权问题研究

针对FOB条件下卖方是否有权优先取得提单的实践难点,采取实证分析与理论分析相结合的研究方法,具体论述了卖方有权向承运人主张取得提单的适用条件、实务及理论依据,辩证阐述了《最高人民法院关于审理海上货运代理纠纷案件若干问题的规定》解决本问题的立法初衷、规范效果以及适用不足,提出卖方作为实际托运人在特定情形下有权优先取得提单,鉴于《最高人民法院关于审理海上货运代理纠纷案件若干问题的规定》适用的内在缺陷,应当通过修订《中华人民共和国海商法》条款加以解决.     

322例慢性乙型肝炎患者肝脏病理与病毒学指标的相关性研究

目的 研究慢性乙型肝炎患者肝脏病理与肝组织中及血清病毒标志物等因素的相关性。方法 回顾322例HBsAg阳性超过6个月并行肝穿刺活组织检查患者的临床资料,分析肝脏病理与肝组织中病毒标志物、血清HBeAg状态、血清HBV DNA水平及血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）水平的相关性。结果 322例患者中,肝组织炎症分级（G）＞1且纤维化分期（S）＞1者314例,G≥3者44例,S≥3者40例。G与S呈明显正相关 (r=0.594,P<0.05)。 肝组织HBsAg、HBcAg不同表达状态患者,不同血清HBeAg状态患者,不同血清HBV DNA水平患者的肝脏炎症分级及其肝脏纤维化分期比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。不同血清ALT水平患者的肝脏炎症分级比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,血清ALT水平与肝脏炎症分级呈正相关（r=0.322,P<0.05）,而与肝脏纤维化分期的相关性无统计学意义(r=0.267,P>0.05)。结论 慢性乙型肝炎患者的肝脏炎症及纤维化程度与肝组织中病毒标志物、血清HBeAg状态、血清HBV DNA水平并无明显相关性,其炎症分级与血清ALT水平呈明显正相关。