The Justiciability of Resource Allocation

A perennial problem in public law is how courts ought to deal with legal challenges to the allocation of public resources. This article explains and renders more coherent the varied approaches of English courts to the justiciability of resource allocation disputes in administrative and tort law. It draws a distinction between 'discretionary allocative decision-making' and 'allocative impact.' The non-justiciability doctrine in R v Cambridge Health Authority , ex p B is concerned with the former only. By contrast, allocative impact is a justiciable matter, but can still ultimately defeat a claim. This distinction, however, does not guide judicial approaches under the Human Rights Act 1998, where courts have chosen mostly to eschew the non-justiciability doctrine in favour of more flexibly applied notions of judicial deference. Thus while the non-justiciability doctrine has a relatively narrow scope in administrative and tort law, it has nearly disappeared under human rights law.     

试论《二年律令》中爵位继承制度的几个问题

汉代<二年律令>规定的爵位继承制度,根据不同情况实行的是一种等级继承、爵加一级和降级继承的原则.为维护高爵者的利益,又使社会保持应有的内在活力,它还对"爵后"以外的诸子规定了一些补偿措施.爵制实质上代表着一种社会秩序,能够对国家政权起到一种社会主流力量的支持和凝聚民心的作用,国家对爵位继承制定严密的规章制度,是巩固国家政权的重要手段之一.     

肺气虚证大鼠血液流变性指标与内皮素、血栓素水平的相关性研究

目的 :探讨肺气虚证大鼠的血液流变性变化与内皮素 (ET)、血栓素 (TXB2 )变化的相关性。方法 :将 6 0只大鼠随机分为模型组与对照组 ,复制肺气虚证模型 ,分别检测血液流变性指标和ET、TXB2 水平。结果 :模型组与对照组比较 ,全血黏度 (高切、低切 )、血浆黏度、红细胞比容、红细胞聚集指数及纤维蛋白原均升高 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ) ;模型组ET和TXB2 明显升高 ,与对照组相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。模型组全血黏度与ET、TXB2 呈正相关 (r =0 .95 7,P <0 .0 5 ;r =0 .992 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :肺气虚大鼠存在“血瘀”现象 ,且血浆中的ET、TXB2 含量随肺气虚证逐渐加重而呈上升趋势。     

Genotypic Polymorphisms of Hepatitis B Virus Provide Useful Information for Estimating Geographical Origin or Place of Long‐term Residence of Unidentified Cadavers

Increasing numbers of unidentified cadavers are a major problem. We have developed a new method for providing identification information that can determine the geographical origin or place of long‐term residence of unidentified cadavers based on genotypic polymorphisms of hepatitis B virus (HBV) known to correlate with their geographical distribution. PCR of serum samples detected HBV DNA from 4 (3.9%) of 102 randomly selected Japanese forensic cadavers. Multiplex PCR did not detect multiple HBV genotypes from any single cadaver, confirming the absence of coinfection. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on a 485‐bp mutant region of the HBV S gene successfully classified the HBV genotypes into A to J. Among 10 HBV‐infected cadavers, 8 had genotype Ce/C2, a genotype prevalent in East Asia, and 2 had genotype Bj/B1, a Japanese‐specific genotype. HBV genotypic polymorphisms correlate with the geographical distribution of the virus and thus provide important information for identifying unidentified cadavers infected with HBV.     

颅脑损伤部位及程度与日常生活活动能力的相关性

目的：研究颅脑损伤部位及程度与日常生活活动能力的相关性,为提高鉴定意见的准确性提供理论依据。方法选取颅脑损伤被鉴定人501例,详细记录其伤前情况、损伤部位及程度、治疗方式、教育程度,应用日常生活活动能力量表（Barthel指数）对被鉴定人进行测验,统计损伤部位及程度与Barthel指数的相关性。结果轻度颅脑损伤组各损伤部位Barthel指数差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;中度颅脑损伤组蛛网膜下腔出血与其他脑叶损伤,顶、枕叶损伤与额叶损伤,顶、枕叶损伤与颞叶损伤间Barthel指数差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,额叶损伤与颞叶损伤Barthel指数差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;重度颅脑损伤不论手术与否,各颅脑损伤部位的Barthel指数两两之间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论颅脑损伤部位与Barthel指数存在一定相关性,对分析判断颅脑损伤后日常生活活动能力具有重要的参考价值。     

αB晶状体蛋白在视网膜及眼外组织器官中表达及其作用机制

αB晶状体蛋白是脊椎动物晶状体的结构性蛋白,广泛表达于非晶状体组织中。αB晶状体蛋白作为热休克蛋白家族成员之一,具有分子伴侣和抗细胞凋亡等生物学功能。多种因素引起的损伤,如视网膜病变、炎症反应性疾病和神经系统疾病等都与αB晶状体蛋白存在密切关系。本文综述了αB晶状体蛋白在视网膜及眼外组织器官中表达及其作用机制的研究进展。     

Rule B下的EFTs扣押被宣判“死缓”——美国联邦第二巡回上诉法院最新判例the“Jaldhi”案评述

通过对美国联邦第二巡回上诉法院在the＂Jaldhi＂案中判决的评述,分析Rule B下电子汇款转账扣押的发展演变过程及该案判决不再被看做是Rule B下＂财产＂的原因,并就该判决给实践带来的影响提出应对措施。     

对FOB合同提单签发的法律思考

在FOB合同下 ,依我国海商法的规定 ,会同时出现两个托运人即“托运人 1”(买方 )和“托运人 2”(卖方 )的情形。那么 ,谁有权取得提单 ?依据国际惯例以及提单的功能 ,FOB合同下的卖方 (托运人 2 )应有权取得提单 ,其取得提单的权利是由其地位的法定性决定的。当务之急 ,是对我国《海商法》42条加以修改 ,以明确两种托运人的权利和义务     

羊口疮病毒F1L与B2L基因核酸疫苗联合免疫小鼠特性的研究

为评价羊口疮病毒(OrfV)F1L与B2L基因核酸疫苗PVAX1-F1L、PVAX1-B2L联合免疫小鼠诱导体液和细胞免疫的应答效果,分别将PVAX1-F1L+PVAX1-B2L、PVAX1-B2L、PVAX1-F1L、PVAX1空载体与PBS通过后腿肌肉注射方式免疫小鼠,采用ELISA方法检测免疫不同时间段的小鼠血清中OrfV特异性抗体及细胞因子IL-2、IL-4和IFN-γ,并通过MTT法检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应。结果显示,PVAX1-F1L+PVAX1-B2L联合免疫组小鼠血清抗体效价及IL-2、IFN-γ细胞因子水平显著(P<0.05)高于PVAX1-F1L和PVAX1-B2L单独免疫组,IL-4细胞因子水平差异不明显,但均与PVAX1空载体和PBS组差异极显著(P<0.01);PVAX1-F1L+PVAX1-B2L联合免疫组小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖水平与PVAX1-F1L和PVAX1-B2L单独免疫组相比,差异显著(P<0.05),与PVAX1空载体和PBS组相比,差异极显著(P<0.01)。结果表明,PVAX1-F1L+PVAX1-B2L联合免疫小鼠能够增强OrfV特异性抗体的分泌和细胞免疫应答,这为羊口疮新型疫苗的研制奠定了理论基础。