Size Assessment of the Gray Reef Shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos Inferred from Teeth Marks on Human Wounds

An accurate assessment of the biting shark size is paramount for better understanding the agonistic behavior of a species toward humans. The gray reef shark is involved in many accidental bites. Based on the capture of 35 gray sharks, we calculated the algorithm that allows the assessment of the shark size, through the interdental distance (IDD) inferred from teeth marks on human wounds. Our results show a negative allometric relationship and that IDD calculated from imprints perpetrated by the upper jaw are globally similar with those from the lower jaw, in spite of heterodonty. We applied our findings to two cases of accidental bites by this species. Both of the victims had declared that the shark length was “at least 2 m”. Based on our algorithm, the assessment of the shark TL was approx. 180 and 160 cm, respectively, which correspond to an overestimation of ≥20% by the victims.     

“为己利他”行为机理对两类差序性行为的解释——一些来自行为实验的证据

一系列的行为实验表明,受试者除了关注自身的物质收益之外,还重视公平和互惠,这体现了行为者的社会性和道德性。同时,这种互惠和公平并非是平面性的而是立体性的,不是等序性的而是差序性的,这体现了人类行为的道德差序性和社会差序性。显然,这些实验结果与主流博弈理论的逻辑推论间存在很大差异。     

Kazakh power distance dimension in business discourse

The article is considered to be of current interest, because it is a relatively new area for research. This paper focuses on measuring Hofstede’s power distance index for different countries, particularly in Kazakh culture. A novel technique is proposed, where verbal index is calculated from the analysis of publically available texts delivered by representatives of different cultures. The authors analyzed public speeches made by leaders of various countries. From these texts, a verbal index was derived, which closely correlated with Hofstede’s power distance data. As a result, the authors were able to obtain a power distance index for Kazakhstan, which was previously unavailable. Furthermore, this method can be used as a cheaper alternative to conducting surveys in estimating Hofstede’s power distance indexes for different cultures.     

“师生零距离慕课”教学改革——以慕课《光语者——摄影光学与镜头》为例

慕课虽具有受众广、易学习等优点,但慕课教学同时存在教师参与度不足、教学质量难以保证、缺乏高阶思维能力锻炼等缺点。本文提出"师生零距离慕课",以"两性一度"为指导思想,从慕课内容建设、师生互动机制、监督评价体系三个维度进行改革:"互动式"慕课学习+教师直播翻转课堂+多元化评价考核。"师生零距离慕课"可以有效打破时空限制,打破课程容量限制,让慕课具备线上线下混合式课程的优点,使慕课庞大学习数量的学习者都可以与教师深度互动,使慕课知识内化为学习者专业技能,有效提升慕课教学质量,实现真正意义的智慧课堂。     

大学生志愿服务“农村党员干部现代远程教育”的回顾与反思

“农村党员干部现代远程教育”是我党在新世纪开展的一项重要工作。文章结合丽水职业技术学院办学经验，从运行体系和机制两方面分析高校如何结合专业优势，提高大学生志愿服务“农村党员干部现代远程教育”工作的有效性与长效性。     

A novel method for the analysis of discharged smokeless powder residues

A novel method for the estimation of intermediate-long firing distance range is proposed. The method is based on the characterization and chemical analysis of the smokeless powder particles on the target. An adhesive lifter is applied to collect the suspected gunshot residues (GSRs) from the surface of an object, and a Modified Griess Test (MGT) is carried out after alkaline hydrolysis on the adhesive lifter. Visualized particles are removed from the adhesive lifter under a microscope. Two systems are used for the analysis of organic discharge residues from the smokeless powder: (1) gas chromatography/thermal energy analysis (GC/TEA) for the analysis of nitroglycerine (NG) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), (2) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the identification of organic components such as DNT, NG, and some stabilizers. By using this procedure and confirming that the suspected particles are indeed GSR, one can estimate the intermediate-long firing distance of c. 0.75-3 m in the presence of very few particles and provide information for the classification of ammunition type in casework.     

根据创口射击残留物推断“5.4”式手枪射击距离的研究

目的利用环境控制扫描电镜/能谱仪（SEM/EDX）研究枪弹创射入口周围射击残留物与射击距离的关系,探讨其能否用于射击距离的判断。方法采用＂＂5.4＂＂式手枪分别在5、10、15、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、120cm处射击乳猪皮肤,利用SEM/EDX观察创口周围GSR的分布和成分,并建立回归方程。结果射击距离和GSR颗粒数量之间总体表现为直线关系,并建立了相应的回归方程。当射击距离为10~90cm时,用该方程推断射击距离效果较好。结论检测创口周围GSR可望用于判断“5.4”式手枪的射击距离。     

远程教育在干部业余教育中的应用探讨

运用远程教育进行多层次的人才培训,是当今教育信息化发展的重要方向。山东党校系统干部业余教育实现远程化,对于提高党校的办学水平和教学质量,提高办学竞争力,具有非常重要的意义。     

关于云南发展民营经济的一些思考

近几年来,由于各级党委和政府的重视,云南的民营经济发展较快,但是和先进地区相比,尤其是和浙江、广东这些省份相比,不仅有差距,而且差距还比较大.对此应加强这方面的研究,进一步提高对这个问题的认识,加大工作力度,促进云南民营经济的发展.     

Combination of Face Regions in Forensic Scenarios

This article presents an experimental analysis of the combination of different regions of the human face on various forensic scenarios to generate scientific knowledge useful for the forensic experts. Three scenarios of interest at different distances are considered comparing mugshot and CCTV face images using MORPH and SC face databases. One of the main findings is that inner facial regions combine better in mugshot and close CCTV scenarios and outer facial regions combine better in far CCTV scenarios. This means, that depending of the acquisition distance, the discriminative power of the facial regions change, having in some cases better performance than the full face. This effect can be exploited by considering the fusion of facial regions which results in a very significant improvement of the discriminative performance compared to just using the full face.