International and African Regional Instruments to Protect Rights of Child Victims of Transnational Trafficking

Abuse against children and the exploitation of children worldwide has become a growing concern. Child trafficking threatens children’s protection; and their right to survival, development and participation are violated. This article reviewed international and regional conventions and action plans that protect child victims of trafficking in Africa. It concludes that to fight trafficking, cross-border cooperation should be enhanced through bilateral, multilateral and sub-regional agreements. Furthermore, counter trafficking policies and measures targeting children should reflect a child-rights approach and children should be placed at the center of all initiatives and their best interest given primary consideration.     

Two Models of Monetary Redress: A Structural Analysis

Monetary redress is a developing area of human rights policy. The article examines how a redress program’s design affects the interests of program applicants. It distinguishes two program models, individual assessment and common experience, and explores their differing effects on applicants’ interests. Analyzing two Irish cases, redress for survivors of the industrial schools and the Magdalene laundries, the discussion is applicable to a wide range of redress programs including those in postconflict, transitional justice, and postcolonial contexts.     

The right to commemoration and “ideal victims”: the puzzle of victim dissatisfaction with State-led commemoration after 9/11 and 3/11

This article explores the puzzle of victim dissatisfaction with State-led commemoration following 9/11 and 3/11 by offering a cross-national case study through which to view key areas of theoretical debate in the sociology of human rights, cultural trauma and collective memory, and the politics of victimhood. Although State-led commemorative processes are often highly contested, we would expect them to be less so in the cases of 9/11 and 3/11, given broad social consensus about the victims’ right to commemoration and the traumatic nature of the events, and especially the “ideal nature” of the victims who as symbolic representatives of the State are conferred with great moral authority. Drawing on primary and secondary data on the commemoration of the attacks of 11th September 2001 and 11th March 2004 we find that despite sharp differences between commemorative processes, three common key areas of contestation and dissatisfaction for victims emerge: political instrumentalisation, hierarchies of worth and exclusion. We show how the status of ideal victimhood for victims of transnational terrorism carries within it an inherent paradox which provides the key to their dissatisfaction, namely the moral authority conferred on them as representatives of the State simultaneously depersonalises them, excluding them as individuals with rights and needs.     

Women Police Stations as a Dispute Processing System

Abstract

In 1992, the Tamil Nadu State government in India began to introduce all-women police stations whose primary role is to deal with crimes against women, including family violence and dowry disputes. Dowry giving is a customary practice in India, which often results in disputes between young wives and their new families. As a result, the young women may be subjected to physical and mental ill treatment, sometimes resulting in death. Using detailed data from 474 case records and interviews with 60 dowry victims, the present study examines how women police stations serve as a dispute processing system, and describes the services extended by the stations to the victims of dowry disputes. Many cases were successfully resolved and violence was frequently reduced. The study holds implications for the extension of training in dispute resolution for women police in India.     

少年更生与被害者损害恢复

在被害者损害恢复视角下,构建新的少年非行类型,以此为基础确认关怀被害者家属之必要。提倡建立被害者损害恢复保险制度,并对各非行少年处遇机关中与被害者损害恢复相关措施进行研讨。     

金融风险与金融犯罪被害

本文将金融风险和被害人因素结合起来，借鉴被害人理论，社会学的风险社会理论，经济学的金融风险理论，结合收集到的关于金融犯罪被害的实事材料，通过分析金融风险转化为金融犯罪被害的三种模式对导致金融犯罪被害的风险因素进行分析，探讨金融犯罪被害风险问题。具体分析金融风险与金融犯罪被害的关系，金融风险是在何种机制下转化成金融犯罪被害事实，这个转化过程是怎样发展演化的，找出由金融风险转化为金融犯罪被害的关键。在特定被害情境下，金融风险通过风险载体与加害人发生联系，并被加害人加以利用，进而使金融风险发展成金融犯罪的被害要因，由潜在的被害可能性向现实的被害结果转化。探索隐含于金融活动中的各种风险与金融犯罪被害之间的关系，为正确认识金融风险，化解金融风险，也可为防范金融犯罪被害提供决策依据和指导建议。因此，探索金融领域的风险与金融犯罪被害之间的作用机制，消除金融风险的负面影响，进而减少金融犯罪被害问题是十分有意义的。     

论刑事诉讼中的"强制起诉"

根据控审分离原则,对公诉案件是否提起公诉属于检察机关自由裁量的范畴,法院的主要职责是审判.但是,为了制约检察机关不起诉裁量权,保障被害人人权,德国、日本、韩国及我国台湾地区刑事诉讼法又规定了强制起诉制度,对于检察机关已经作出不起诉决定的案件,赋予被害人申请法院强制起诉的权利.对该制度进行比较研究,分析其合理性及限度,对于改革我国不起诉制约机制,加强被害人人权保障具有重要意义.     

贯彻司法为民 彰显人文关怀——关于刑事被害人救助制度若干问题研究

现代刑事被害人国家救助制度源于英国，是体现司法人文关怀的一项重要措施。在我国，现代意义上的刑事被害人救助制度肇始2004年，2009正式建立。随着实践的发展，司法实务部门和理论界对刑事被害人救助制度的研究也不断深入，取得了不少可喜的成果，对一些重大问题的认识也渐趋统一，但对我国刑事被害人救助制度究竟应当如何定位，也就是说我国刑事被害人救助制度的法律属性是什么，还需要进一步明确。作为一项新生事物，我国经济、社会发展的实际情况决定了刑事被害人救助制度在我国的发展必然是一个渐进的过程，短期内不可能期望该制度全面解决刑事被害人所面临的各种困难，因此必须要将刑事被害人救助制度与现行的其他制度结合起来，形成一整套刑事被害人保障机制。     

社区青少年犯罪被害研究

失学、失业和失管的社区青少年群体不仅是犯罪高发人群，而且其受到不法侵害的几率较大。本文从被害人学视角出发，围绕社区青少年犯罪被害性、社区青少年被害预防和社区青少年被害援助三个问题进行分析。     

公诉转自诉的法律困惑与机制完善

公诉转自诉是我国刑事诉讼法确立的一项起诉制度，因立法缺陷导致司法实践中困惑叠出。积极借鉴有关国家的立法和制度模式，在完善现行法律的基础上，采取扩大起诉主体、统一案件适用范围、为自诉人举证提供支持、设置自诉权行使的调控机制等方法与途径，来构建既有利于被害人诉权的实现．又能对公诉权形成有效制约的现代诉讼机制。