检察机关代表被害人提起民事诉讼的正当性研究——以侵害国家或社会利益犯罪为范例的考察

对侵害国家或社会利益的犯罪有必要提起附带民事诉讼,因为刑事处罚与行政处罚都不能代替民事赔偿.在侵害国家或社会利益的犯罪中,如果有权提起附带民事诉讼的单位或管理部门没有提起附带民事诉讼,检察机关可以代表国家或社会利益提起附带民事诉讼.检察机关代表国家利益和社会提起附带民事诉讼的根据是检察机关享有的法律监督权.检察机关不得对侵害公民私人权益的行为提起附带民事诉讼.     

构建我国刑事被害人国家补偿制度之思考

恢复社会正义理论、权利的公力救济理论、利益权衡理论与效益价值理论等是构建刑事被害人国家补偿制度之基础。在我国,建立刑事被害人国家补偿制度具有必要性和可行性。刑事立法应当在遵循取得公理和公平待遇,以犯罪人赔偿为主、以国家补偿为辅,国家补偿的有条件性,国家补偿程序的公正性,补偿的力度与损害的程度相适应等原则的前提下,就接受补偿的主体范围、补偿的对象和限度、补偿的决定机关、补偿程序等问题做出规定。     

Victims of ETA’s terrorism as an interest group: Evolution,influence, and impact on the political agenda of Spain

This article responds to the following research questions: How and why have victims of ETA’s terrorism in Spain become an interest group with significant influence on the political and legislative agenda of the country. The evolution of the associative movement of victims of terrorism is assessed in order to explain the process by which their influence and impact on the political agenda has gradually grown throughout the years. It analyzes the transition from the isolation suffered by victims of terrorism in the early days of ETA’s campaign to the prominent social and political role played at later stages. The factors that motivate and explain their active role as interest groups are looked into, demonstrating different claims and interests with varying degrees of coherence and leverage. The relevancy of victims of terrorism within the anti-terrorist policies of various Spanish governments will be established, as well as the achievements and limitations of such a significant interest group.     

试论犯罪被害人补偿制度

目前,很多国家通过立法的形式建立了十分完善的被害人补偿制度。而我国尽管超常规地赋予了被害人当事人地位,但由于没有建立起国家补偿制度和诉讼外的社会援助制度,因而,除极少数被害人能通过刑事附带民事诉讼得到部分损害赔偿外,绝大多数被害人的物质损失和精神损失难以得到应有的赔偿。因此,制定《犯罪被害人补偿法》,以立法的方式对被害人补偿作出明确规定,不仅能够在一定程度上解除被害人的生活困境,而且还可以有效地缓和社会的报应情感,从而维持、确保国民对包括刑事司法在内的法治秩序的信赖,并对预防犯罪和维护社会稳定做出贡献。     

刑事被害人国家补偿制度研究

建立刑事被害人国家补偿制度是当今犯罪成为公害而无法扼制时,各国进行立法层面改革的一大趋势。它以确保被害人的利益为出发点,以保障被害人的生存权和发展权为根本目的,以国家补偿的方式实现被害人与加害人、被害人与国家之间关系的和谐。被害人如果得不到犯罪人赔偿或赔偿不足,其权益就不能得到充分保障,刑事诉讼的目的也就不能完全实现;因此,有必要建立刑事被害人国家补偿制度。     

刑事被害人过错责任细化研究——兼评《人民法院量刑指导意见（试行）》之有关内容

近日开始试点的《人民法院奄刑指导意见（试行）》将被害人过错责任粗略地界定为“重大责任和一般责任”。这并没有真正解决细化量刑、准确量刑的问题，也没有为“被害人过错责任上升为法定量刑情节”这一呼声带来希望．从理论的角度考虑，以刑事被害人过错程度为区分标准，应该将被害人的过错责任分为完全责任、重走责任、较大责任、一般责任和“拟制责任”。过错责任的细致、明确划分．是人民法院恰当准确量州的基础，也是被害人过错责任上升为法定量刑情节的必要准备和重要前提。     

“Yardsticks” for Victim Sensitive Process: Principle-Based Standards for Gauging the Integrity of Restorative Justice Process

For almost two decades restorative justice practices have demonstrated positive impacts on crime victim satisfaction when compared to court and other adversarial processes. Although restorative justice practice has by no means addressed the myriad needs of the majority of crime victims, researchers and policy makers have puzzled about how to interpret these generally positive findings. We suggest that remaining difficulties in interpretation and application of findings are due largely to (1) the lack of clear standards for gauging the integrity, or “restorativeness,” of interventions and (2) the failure to articulate logical mechanisms (i.e., intervention theories) that connect practices to immediate and intermediate outcomes, and these outcomes to long term changes in the well-being of victims, offenders, and communities. This article focuses primarily on the first problem, defining the “independent variable” in restorative practices aimed at having an impact on crime victims. Using qualitative data from a national case study, a principle-based approach to evaluation with implications for intervention theory and both input and outcome measures in future research is proposed and briefly illustrated.     

Comparing the Social Service Utilization, Exposure to Violence, and Trauma Symptomology of Domestic Violence Female “Victims” and Female “Batterers”

Although some authors have suggested that women batterers may really be self-defending victims, to date, no research has been initiated to empirically support this assertion. This paper describes the design and outcomes of a research project that investigated the similarities and differences between women adjudicated as domestic violence batterers and women identified as domestic violence victims. Findings indicated group similarities in the areas of exposure to violence and social service utilization. Although both groups reported high levels of trauma symptomology, victim scores were significantly higher.     

从犯罪的国家责任谈制定我国刑事被害人国家补偿法的必要性

被害人国家补偿制度是指国家对遭受犯罪行为侵害而又没有得到充分赔偿的被害人及其家属,通过法律程序给与一定的物质补偿的制度。然而,我国刑事被害人补偿问题一直未引起立法机关的足够重视,刑事被害人最关心的物质补偿问题得不到合理解决会导致诸多消极影响。为此,笔者建议在借鉴外国相关立法的基础上,尽快制定一部既符合我国国情又具备先进理论框架支撑的刑事被害人国家补偿法。     

The Sexual Trafficking of Juveniles: A Theoretical Model

Research on the sexual trafficking of juveniles has increased. However, there has been no theoretical model developed incorporating variables into a systemic, interactive analysis of the issue. Utilizing Parsonian functionalism as its foundation, the authors developed such a model. The model is based on sociological, criminological, and psychological theories and concepts with a particular emphasis on the role of environmental design in trafficking. Unique to this study, the authors propose that a symbiotic relationship exists between the adolescent brain and trafficker as psychopath as contextualized in the Stockholm syndrome. We offer research and policy implications based on the model.