Predicting multiple victim versus single victim sexual abuse: an examination of distal factors and proximal factors associated with the first abuse incident

Abstract

Official and confidential self-report data on 83 convicted adult male sexual abusers were analysed to examine whether sexual offending progression can be better predicted from distal antecedents, or from proximal antecedents and outcomes associated with the first sexual abuse incident. Fifty-six offenders who sexually abused more than one victim (multiple victim offenders; MVOs) were compared to 27 offenders who sexually abused a single victim only (single victim offenders; SVOs). MVOs were younger at the time of their first sexual abuse incident, and were more likely to first abuse male and non-familial children. With the exception of sexual attraction to male children, no differences were found between the two groups on distal antecedents. Proximal antecedents and outcomes associated with the first sexual abuse incident were significantly related to multiple victim offending. Logistic regression analysis identified the presence of sexual difficulties in the month prior to the first abuse incident, and sexual excitement immediately preceding the first incident, as significant unique predictors. Implications for risk assessment and risk management are discussed, and future research directions proposed.     

Constructing Victims and Villains: Unintended Outcomes of Contact Prohibition Orders

Contact prohibition orders (besöksförbud) are by now an institutionalized form of preventing violence and protecting the integrity of individuals from non‐strangers' intrusion in their lives. On the basis of an analysis of, primarily, in‐depth interviews with people intended to be protected by such orders, it is argued that this legal practice has unintended consequences for the parties' interaction and relationship. In order to obtain and maintain CPOs, the individuals have to regard and present the other party's acts as criminal cases and watch their own behaviour to preclude accusations of having provoked violations. They are also expected to evidence the other's crimes. In court they have to present themselves as credible witnesses and at the same time as suffering victims in order to retain the victim role. To make sense of the new situation, they tended to re‐construct the other party as inherently criminal, and they accounted for their common past as based upon the other's deception. Hence, it is claimed that the encounters with the criminal justice system have a decisive impact on the individuals' understanding of themselves, the other party, their relations and interaction.     

An Empirical Approach to Post-conflict Legitimacy: Victims' Needs and the Everyday

Abstract

An empirical study has been made of victims of conflict in Timor-Leste and Nepal seeking a qualitative understanding of local post-conflict priorities. It allows an appreciation to emerge of how the conflict-affected conceive of legitimacy and quality of governance, with victims emphasizing basic needs, an addressing of issues of marginalization and the incorporation of indigenous understandings of the meaning of peace. The data in this study motivate a victim-centred discussion of both the limitations of liberal approaches to peace and the implications for the legitimacy of post-conflict governance of prioritizing the everyday needs of the conflict-affected, in contrast to universal and institutionally rooted liberal values.     

Bullies and Victims

Abstract

This study presents the results of a phenomenological study with sixteen elementary school children identified as bullies or victims. Implications for school counselors and educators are also discussed.     

论老年诈骗犯罪被害人的被害性

老年诈骗犯罪被害案件随着老龄化的发展而大有愈演愈烈之势。犯罪的发生并不是犯罪人单方面意志作用的结果,而是犯罪人与被害人双方互动的产物。这种互动从老年诈骗犯罪被害人的角度看,则表现为其生理上、心理上和经济上的被害性。仔细分析老年诈骗犯罪被害人的被害性,不仅有助于全面准确地把握老年诈骗犯罪被害的原因,而且有助于提出有针对性地预防和处理老年诈骗犯罪被害的对策。     

刑事被害人国家补偿制度比较研究

刑事被害人国家补偿制度,是指对一定范围内的犯罪被害人,在其无法从加害人处或者通过其他途径获得赔偿或充分赔偿时,由国家按照法定的程序给予补偿的制度。通过比较法上的考察和研究可以发现．各国对作为国家补偿制度主要内容的补偿对象、补偿条件、补偿范围、补偿资金、补偿限度等问题均有不同的规定。我国在借鉴各国规定的基础上,应立足于本国实际建构刑事被害人国家补偿制度。     

Cyberbullying in Portuguese Schools: Prevalence and Characteristics

This study examined the extent and nature of cyberbullying in 23 Portuguese schools. A sample of 3,525 sixth-, eighth-, and eleventh-grade students completed a self-response questionnaire assessing their perceptions and experiences of cyberbullying. The findings showed that 7.6% of students have been victimized, and 3.9% have bullied others at least once over the last year. The incidences of victimization were higher for females and for the older students. In contrast, more boys reported having bullied others in the eleventh grade. The most frequent medium of cyberbullying was via websites, whilst sending offensive messages was the most widely reported type of behavior. Telling someone about cyberbullying is among the most frequent coping strategies used by cybervictims, who usually chose to tell their friends rather than adults. Implications of these findings for students, schools, and parents are discussed.     

构建我国刑事被害人国家补偿制度之思考

恢复社会正义理论、权利的公力救济理论、利益权衡理论与效益价值理论等是构建刑事被害人国家补偿制度之基础。在我国,建立刑事被害人国家补偿制度具有必要性和可行性。刑事立法应当在遵循取得公理和公平待遇,以犯罪人赔偿为主、以国家补偿为辅,国家补偿的有条件性,国家补偿程序的公正性,补偿的力度与损害的程度相适应等原则的前提下,就接受补偿的主体范围、补偿的对象和限度、补偿的决定机关、补偿程序等问题做出规定。     

检察机关代表被害人提起民事诉讼的正当性研究——以侵害国家或社会利益犯罪为范例的考察

对侵害国家或社会利益的犯罪有必要提起附带民事诉讼,因为刑事处罚与行政处罚都不能代替民事赔偿.在侵害国家或社会利益的犯罪中,如果有权提起附带民事诉讼的单位或管理部门没有提起附带民事诉讼,检察机关可以代表国家或社会利益提起附带民事诉讼.检察机关代表国家利益和社会提起附带民事诉讼的根据是检察机关享有的法律监督权.检察机关不得对侵害公民私人权益的行为提起附带民事诉讼.     

Rape law reform and the effect of victim characteristics on case processing

Rape law reforms enacted during the past 20 years were designed to shift the focus of a rape case from the victim to the offender. Reformers and criminal justice officials speculated that changes in the rules of evidence and enactment of rape shield laws would result in less suspicion of the claims of rape victims and would make it less likely that the character, reputation, and behavior of the victim would affect decision making about the case. In this paper we examine the impact of rape law reform on the factors affecting the outcome of sexual assault cases bound over for trial in Detroit. We find little support for our hypothesis that the effect of victim characteristics on case processing decisions declined in the postreform period. Most of the victim characteristics did not have the expected effects on the likelihood of case dismissal, charge reduction, conviction, or incarceration. We did, on the other hand, find that the proportion of cases involving evidence of risk-taking behavior on the part of the victim or questions about the victim's credibility increased in the postreform period.