Homicide of children and adolescents in Mexico (1990–2013)

The trends and correlates of child and juvenile homicide rates in three developmental age groups (0-5, 6-11, and 12-17) during 1990–2013 in Mexico are examined by using vital statistical data. Homicide rates for adults and children were calculated yearly and the place where homicides occurred and the means used to commit homicide examined. Changes and continuities in homicide rates during 2002–2007 and 2008–2013 and their association with socio-economic, status of women, public security efforts, and firearm availability variables were studied. Homicide rates increased rapidly for adults and children in 2008 as did the rates in which a firearm was used. Rates for adults and children 0–5 years were particularly correlated. In some states, the youngest children’s rates increased by 75% or more than the rates for adults. High-increase states for younger children were closer to the U.S. border, were farther from abortion services, and had growing rates of female-headed households.     

National study comparing the characteristics of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia who committed homicide vs. those who died by suicide

Associations between serious mental disorder and violence are well-documented, but there is little epidemiological evidence linking these disorders and homicide risk. The reported study compares socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of people diagnosed with schizophrenia who committed homicide vs. those who died by suicide. The study is a national case series of male patients in England & Wales diagnosed with schizophrenia and convicted of homicide during 1997–2012 (n = 168), and a randomly selected comparison group of male patients with schizophrenia who died by suicide and who were matched to the homicide case series by age (n = 777). There are different patterns of behaviour in people with schizophrenia preceding homicide and suicide. Homicide perpetrators have frequently disengaged with services whilst patients who die by suicide are often in recent contact. This is important knowledge for clinical services as it indicates a different preventive emphasis despite the existence of other shared characteristics.     

The adoption of children from out-of-home care: how decision-makers explain the low rates of adoption in Victoria,Australia

The adoption of children from out-of-home care is uncommon in Australia and rarely occurs in the state of Victoria. This paper reports on how professionals involved in making decisions about the permanent placement of children explain the current rates of adoption from out-of-home care in Victoria. Interviews were conducted with eight child welfare specialists, eight adoption and permanent care specialists and five judicial officers. The current low rates of adoption were attributed to the effect of current legislation, the impact of past adoption practices and the establishment of a culture in Victoria in which adoption is now rarely considered an option for children in out-of-home care.     

物价上涨与加息调控力度

我国央行一年内连续几次调高银行利率,但收效甚微,投资依然过热,资金流动性过剩,物价、房价涨幅加快。分析原因,在于每次加息幅度过小,市场有所适应。面对火热的股市、房市、不断上涨的物价和存款的负利率,只有加大利率调控的力度,调控效应才能显现。     

Job Access and Homicide Patterns in Chicago: An Analysis at Multiple Geographic Levels Based on Scale-Space Theory

Economists and criminologists have long tried to establish linkages between job markets and crime. Most prior research, however, was across large areas (e.g., states, metropolitan areas) or across time. This research focuses on examining the variation of job markets within a city (i.e., Chicago) and whether it is related to the spatial pattern of crime (i.e., homicide). The job market condition is measured by job accessibility, an index computed by a Geographic Information System (GIS) method. Multivariate regressions, controlling for other socioeconomic covariates, are used to analyze the relationship between job access and homicide rates. Considering problems with analysis of rare events such as homicide in small populations, this research constructs various levels of geographic areas from census tracts to generate more stable homicide rates with larger base populations. In particular, a spatial clustering method based on the scale-space theory is used to merge adjacent tracts of similar attributes into new geographic areas. The study shows an inverse relationship between job accessibility and homicide rates across census tracts and the newly-constructed geographic areas in Chicago.     

关于命案概念的思考——兼评“命案必破”之承诺

命案是一个历史范畴,从不同角度可以进行多种分类。人们对当前公安机关使用的命案概念分歧较大。从公安机关关注命案的目的着手,针对命案具有严重的社会危害性的特点,命案即经刑事诉讼定性的、行为人故意实施犯罪致死人命的案件。当前社会治安形势下,公安机关积极关注命案意义重大,但命案的侦破必然有其现实的底线,“命案必破”在理论上固然有其必然性,但在实践中只具有偶然性和可能性。     

凶杀案件主体责任能力评定影响因素分析

目的探讨20年来凶杀案件主体(被鉴定人)责任能力评定中的影响因素。方法将1985~2004年288例凶杀案件资料分成A期(1985~1989年)、B期(1990~1997年)和C期(1998~2004年),用SPSS 11.0统计软件进行相关分析和逐步判别分析,筛选出对责任能力评定有重要影响的判别因子。结果A、B、C期责任能力的相关因素稍有差异,但均与作案动机、自我保护能力、医学诊断、情感障碍、行为障碍、自知力障碍、辨认能力和控制能力呈显著相关(P<0.01)或相关(P<0.05)。A、B、C期责任能力的判别因子也不尽相同,环境辨认、危害行为的突然性、自我保护能力和自知力障碍为A期责任能力评定的判别因子;案前先兆、作案动机、环境辨认、自我保护能力、情感障碍、自知力障碍、医学诊断、感知障碍和思维障碍为B期的责任能力评定的判别因子;作案动机、自我保护能力、情感障碍和自知力障碍为C期责任能力评定的判别因子。结论影响A、B、C期凶杀案件主体责任能力评定的因素有所差异,“动机论”对责任能力评定的影响较大。