改革开放以来中国社会政策模式的转换研究——以1978—2008年《人民日报》相关文章关键词变化为视角

改革开放30多年来,中国社会经济体制发生了重大变革,经济发展模式的转变引发社会福利供给模式的变化：传统计划经济体制下的单位型福利供给模式逐渐削弱,新的政策型福利供给模式则迅速兴起。本文以《人民日报》有关社会政策的文章为分析对象和测量尺度,分析了1978--2008年中国社会政策的演变规律,探讨了社会福利供给模式的总体情况以及社会政策具体领域的特征。社会政策兴起的原因和背景是相当复杂的,本文分析了经济政策、社会公平、社会阶层所起到的作用。值得注意的是,社会政策和国家福利供给意愿的上升,未能遏制贫富差距扩大、社会冲突增多的态势,社会政策水平仍需不断提高,探索科学的福利供给模式,以应对工业化与后工业社会转型带来的挑战。     

Scheduling of new psychoactive substance the Swiss way: A review and critical analysis

Since the introduction of the European Early Warning System in 2005, >700 new psychoactive substances (NPS) have been listed. This review article presents for the first time the Swiss narcotic law in perspective of scheduling of NPS, and compares it to the regulations of the German speaking neighbours Austria and Germany.The Swiss way is a fast and effective way for scheduling NPS, with the purpose to restrict drug trafficking and for controlling the NPS drug market: the legal basis for scheduling substances of abuse is the “Law about narcotics and psychotropic substances” (BetmG, SR 812.121), which includes the “narcotic law directory (BetmVV-EDI, SR 812.121.11) suitable for listing all controlled substances. The BetmVV-EDI, SR 812.121.11 contains seven indices, with index e specifically designed for the fast scheduling of NPS. Newly appearing NPS can either be controlled under a structure analogues definition or by listing single substances. The list of single substances is updated at least once per year, and structure analogues definitions can be implemented, in order to keep track with new developments on the NPS market. The latest version from November 30th 2018 contains ten different structure analogue definitions and 207 single substances. Requirements to list NPS are their appearance on the NPS market, suspected psychotropic effects and their suggestions by Forensic professionals. As soon as substances are newly placed, on Schedule I of the 1961 Convention or Schedule II of the 1971 Convention by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs of the World Health Organization they can easily be transferred from index e to index a-d of the BetmVV-EDI, SR 812.121.11. The Austrian law uses a structure analogue and single substances approach (introduced in 2012, one update in 2016), whereas the German NPS law (established in 2016, no update yet) only lists two structure-analogue-definitions. All three legislations have defined which core structures, kinds and sites of substitutions are regulated.     

“90后”大学生社会主义核心价值体系教育研究

社会主义核心价值体系是社会主义意识形态的本质体现,决定着中国特色社会主义发展方向.“90后”青年群体是未来中国特色社会主义事业的建设者和接班人.受多元价值和文化碰撞影响,“90后”大学生凸显独特而鲜明的群体特点.高校应从完备人才保证、奠定理论基础、培育有效载体、打造实践平台、构建长效机制等方面推进社会主义核心价值体系教育,引领教育“90后”大学生牢固树立社会主义核心价值观.     

WTO争端解决中的案例法方法

判例法这一用语在不同的语境下具有不同的含义。判例法是普通法法律制度中的一种传统,该传统是经由长期的司法实践形成的,而非来自于立法的强制性要求。严格意义上,判例法的突出特点是遵循先例,案件相同裁决相同。在一般意义上,判例法具有指导作用。在WTO争端解决中,无论是上诉机构的观点,还是上诉机构和专家组的实际做法,都体现出明显的案例法的指导作用的特点。与普通法制度不同的是,WTO的案例都是依据WTO规则的解释形成的,并非独立于WTO协定的法律渊源。     

The Effects of Childhood Physical Abuse or Childhood Sexual Abuse in Battered Women's Coping Mechanisms: Obsessive-Compulsive Tendencies and Severe Depression

What role does childhood abuse have on the coping choices made by a battered woman? Ancillary to a depression study (Bailey, 1996) in 79 battered women from a Houston area women's shelter were compared for past abuse experiences and how the women were coping with abuse in adulthood. This study compared coping styles between two groups of battered women: those who experienced childhood physically abuse (CPA) (n=35), and those who did not experience childhood physically abuse (NCPA) in childhood (n=44). All of the women filled out a battery of questionnaires including The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and a scale for learned helplessness. A t-test conducted on obsessive-compulsive tendencies (OCT) scale of the BSI found that women who were NPPA had significantly lower BSI-OCT scores t(77)=−2.05, p < .05 than women who were PPA. No statistically significant differences were found between groups for learned helplessness. Out of the 35 battered women who reported physical abuse in childhood were more likely to report sexual abuse as girls than battered women who were not physically abused, t(77)=−3.40, p < .001. Battered women who had been physically and sexually abused in childhood were more severely depressed. Battered women who were not abused in childhood had more obsessive compulsive tendencies. The ramifications of these findings for therapeutic treatment are discussed.     

商法视界中的公司资本制度

商法的基本价值取向应当是效益优先兼顾公平及其他,沿着这一价值路径,从效益、公平等不同维度对现存的公司资本制度进行价值考量和利益平衡并做出检讨和评判。公司资本制度的设计与选择应该符合商法的价值指引和评判标准,那么如何检讨我国公司资本制度的设计与选择,如何根据这一价值指引重构我国的公司资本制度是公司法研究的一个重要课题。本文为问题的解答提供了一个理论支撑点,即公司资本的选择与重构既要符合商法的基本价值指引和公司法的基本诉求,同时还要适合制度存在的外部环境。     

华中根据地妇女的劳动习惯与家庭地位

华中根据地妇女较多地参与生产劳动的原因首先是与当地的经济结构和妇女的劳动习惯有关。其次是资本主义和商品经济的发展也造成了对劳动力的需求旺盛。再次是地狭人稠的人口分布状况也迫使男性劳动力寻求家庭以外的收入谋生,从而使女性替代了部分男性劳动。虽然妇女广泛参与生产劳动对改善其家庭地位有一定作用,但与其对家庭的贡献并不相称。     

Preparation of a low-cost fingerprint powder that harnesses white light to emit long-lived phosphorescence

An inexpensive, commercially available doped strontium aluminate phosphor with long-lived afterglow has been prepared and assessed in the role of a luminescent fingerprint dusting powder. Blue, green, and aqua phosphorescence persisting for ca. 30 s was obtainable from treated fingermarks after charging the powders with the white light (400–700 nm) setting of a forensic light source. Imaging the phosphorescent afterglow enabled the elimination of background emissions encountered during latent fingermark examination. This was demonstrated by visualising fingermarks on substrates that possess inbuilt fluorescent security features and highly patterned substrate backgrounds, without any need for bespoke scientific equipment.