Memory for Positive and Negative Political TV Ads: The Role of Partisanship and Gamma Power

Despite generating widespread contempt, political TV ads play an important informational role in the lives of citizens. This study examines effects of Ad Type (Positive, Negative, and Comparison) on recognition memory for candidate issue positions. Potential moderators (Ad Sponsor Partisanship X Viewer Partisanship, Ad Type X Viewer Ideology, Ad Type X Viewer Partisanship) of political ad memory are explored, and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings are used to examine whether semantic processing (indexed as brain activity in the gamma band frequency range) mediates main or moderated effects of Ad Type on Memory. Results reveal a significant interaction between Ad Type and Partisanship, with Republicans remembering more from positive relative to negative ads (significant), and Democrats remembering more from negative ads (marginally significant). A direct effect of Gamma on Memory highlights the considerable potential that EEG (in general) and the gamma frequency band (in particular) may hold for the study of message processing.     

彗星试验检测死后DNA降解推断PMI的参数选择研究

目的筛选出彗星试验检测死后DNA降解推断死亡时间（PMI）的合适彗星参数。方法大鼠断颈处死后置于10℃和20℃环境中44h，每4h取材脑和骨髓组织制成细胞悬液进行彗星电泳，CASP软件测量彗星参数，线性回归分析和比较各参数与PMI的相关关系。结果死后DNA随PMI的延长逐渐降解，彗星头和尾DNA百分比、尾DNA、Olive尾矩、尾面积、尾矩等参数与PMI呈稳定的线性相关关系。结论彗星头和尾DNA百分比、尾DNA、Olive尾矩、尾面积、尾矩等参数是彗星试验检测死后DNA降解推断PMI的合适参数。     

上海浦东新区城市图像监控系统建设的实践与探索

城市图像监控系统是新形势下提升社会管控能力的重要手段。上海浦东新区城市图像监控系统正在建设中，并已在安全保卫、打击犯罪、交通管理等方面发挥了重要作用，但仍存在着的一些问题与不足，仍需在资金投入方式、应用技术和管理规范等方面不断加以研究和完善。     

死亡方式对大鼠DNA降解影响的图像分析研究

探讨不同的死亡方式对组织细胞核 DNA 降解的速率是否存在影响。选取20只大鼠随机分为4组,分别采用失血性休克、断颈、溺死及扼死等4种方式处死,每2 h 取材一次(脑、脾、肝组织),Carnoy 液固定,VANS 改良法染色,选取7个指标进行图像分析,数据经一元回归及多元回归统计处理,对不同死亡方式组的一元回归方程进行多组间分析。结果显示,7个指标与死亡时间明显相关,但在不同死亡方式组间各指标相关性存在差异,一元回归方程比较显示,溺死组与其他组肝组织 ID、AOD、LDC 3个指标存在差异,显示其 DNA 降解较慢,脾脏在溺死组 A、MD、ID、AOD、LDC、AG 等6个指标以及失血性休克组 MD、ID、AOD、AG 等4个指标与其他组间存在明显差异,而脑组织在不同组间则差异较小。多元回归分析进一步印证了上述差异。在失血性休克、溺死、断颈及扼死致死的尸体间其组织细胞 DNA 降解速率存在差异,其原因可能与淤血程度及尸体所处环境有关。在本实验条件下,脑是受影响最小的器官,而脾是较易受影响的器官。     

On the discriminability of the handwriting of twins

As handwriting is influenced by physiology, training, and other behavioral factors, a study of the handwriting of twins can shed light on the individuality of handwriting. This paper describes the methodology and results of such a study where handwriting samples of twins were compared by an automatic handwriting verification system. The results complement that of a previous study where a diverse population was used. The present study involves samples of 206 pairs of twins, where each sample consisted of a page of handwriting. The verification task was to determine whether two half-page documents (where the original samples were divided into upper and lower halves) were written by the same individual. For twins there were 1236 verification cases -- including 824 tests where the textual content of writing was different, and 412 tests where it was the same. An additional set of 1648 test cases were obtained from handwriting samples of nontwins (general population). To make the handwriting comparison, the system computed macro features (overall pictorial attributes), micro features (characteristics of individual letters), and style features (characteristics of whole-word shapes and letter pairs). Four testing scenarios were evaluated: twins and nontwins writing the same text and writing different texts. Results of the verification tests show that the handwriting of twins is less discriminable than that of nontwins: an overall error rate of 12.91% for twins and 3.7% for nontwins. Error rates with identical twins were higher than with fraternal twins. Error rates in all cases can be arbitrarily reduced by rejecting (not making a decision on) borderline cases. A level of confidence in the results obtained is given by the fact that system error rates are comparable to that of humans (lower than that of lay persons and higher than that of questioned document examiners [QDEs]).     

Recovery of Spray Paint Traces from Clothing by Beating

Manual recovery of spray paints from textiles using a microscope, the routine method in many laboratories, is often laborious. Beating the clothing with a plastic rod, the routine method used for recovery of glass traces within the authors’ laboratory, is proposed as an alternative. The efficiency of the method was evaluated by spray tests with fluorescent paint. In these tests, paint particles in the acquired debris samples, as well as those remaining on the textiles, were investigated. The results show that beating is an efficient way to recover and concentrate paint particles. A good efficiency for jeans fabric and rough knitwear is reported. The results appeared to be less satisfactory for smooth woven fabric. Application of the method in casework was effective for graffiti paints as well as for flaked car paint.     

灵活性与稳定性:中国开发区工会组织情况调查

随着全球化的发展,发展中国家纷纷设立以吸引外国资本进入为目的的各类开发区(如保税区、出口加工区等),同时向外国投资者提供各类经济和社会优惠政策以换取资本输入.最主要的优惠政策之一是限制区域内的工会活动或工人结社的权利.国际劳工组织注意到了这一现象并在各国开展了有关开发区劳动条件和工会组织情况的调查研究.本文在对中国开发区内进行调研的基础上,主要对中国地区开发区内的工会组织情况进行了分析,对开发区内工会组建过程中面临的困难、工会组建策略及集体协商的基本情况进行了梳理.通过研究发现,中国开发区内的工会活动既存在迎合资本活动的灵活性,也承担着维持开发区内劳动关系和谐的稳定性.     

形象思维的本质及其在公安教育中的重要作用

形象思维是人类基本思维之一,但长期以来都缺乏深入的研究。本文旨在从较深的层次去分析形象思维的本质,从而说明它在创造性思维和创新能力中的重要作用。目前我国的公安高等教育重视抽象思维而忽视形象思维,这不利于学生创造性思维和创新能力的培养。本文举例说明了形象思维在公安高等教育中的重要作用,并指出培养形象思维的途径。     

离体人肝细胞核DNA含量死后变化的图像分析研究

目的应用图像分析技术研究人肝细胞DNA降解与死亡时间的关系。方法选取18例已知死亡时间的人体肝脏,在死后4~36h内每小时进行细胞学涂片、Feu lgen-Vans染色,应用图像分析系统研究肝细胞核平均灰度、平均光度、积分光密度等参数在死后的变化规律。结果在4~36h内随死亡时间的延长,肝细胞核的平均灰度逐渐上升,平均光度、积分光密度逐渐下降,获得了36h内3个参数变化的回归方程。结论肝细胞核的平均灰度、平均光度和积分光密度均与死亡时间有明显的相关性,可望用于推断早期人体死亡时间。     

大鼠脑外伤后大脑皮质脑红蛋白的定量研究

目的探讨脑外伤后大脑皮质脑红蛋白(Ngb)随时间变化的规律及其法医学意义。方法自由落体硬膜外撞击法复制大鼠中度颅脑损伤模型,采用免疫组化方法和图像分析技术观测脑外伤后不同时间损伤区大脑皮质、损伤周半影区以及损伤对侧皮质的Ngb免疫组化反应及其阳性信号灰度值和阳性信号面积,并对所测数据进行统计学分析。结果脑外伤后大鼠损伤区大脑皮质Ngb阳性反应细胞迅速减少,伤后24h降至最低,至16d维持在较低水平;损伤周半影区Ngb阳性反应细胞迅速增加,伤后12h达高峰,随后逐渐减少,至8d及16d恢复至正常水平;损伤区大脑皮质Ngb阳性信号低于对侧大脑皮质,损伤周半影区Ngb阳性信号强于对侧皮质。结论脑外伤后大鼠大脑皮质Ngb阳性反应细胞随时间延长呈现区域性的增多或减少。