城市经济学应用研究热点综述:以典型城市为例

我国城市经济学的理论和应用研究开始于20世纪80年代,目前呈现出迅猛发展的势头。以天津作为样本城市,利用CNKI检索工具,重点梳理相关文献,可以发现,城市经济学在应用研究方面关注了城市经济社会发展中的重大现实问题,保持了该学科研究的时效性、集中性等特点,因而取得了一定的成果。今后,应充分发挥城市经济学实践推动理论发展的学科特性,积极借鉴和吸收理论进展中的新鲜成果,及时破解城市发展的实际问题,为城市发展提供有益的政策制定依据和未来发展方向指导。     

Globalisation and Unequalisation: What Can Be Learned from Value Chain Analysis?

Although many have gained from the process of globalisation, there remains a stubbornly large number of people living in absolute poverty and a rise in inequality within and between countries. The issue is thus not whether to participate in the global economy but how to do so in a manner which provides for sustainable and equitable income growth. This study shows how value chain analysis can be used to chart the growing disjuncture between global economic activity and global income distribution and to provide causal explanations for this outcome. In so doing, value chain analysis provides valuable insights into policy formulation and implementation.     

The Gautreaux Legacy: What Might Mixed‐Income and Dispersal Strategies Mean for the Poorest Public Housing Tenants?

Abstract

The current transformation of public and assisted housing reflects the legacy of the Gautreaux case, which created the first mobility and scattered‐site programs. Mixed‐income and dispersal strategies now dominate federal housing policy, although their focus has shifted. Drawing on evidence from two preliminary studies of public housing transformation in Chicago, we argue that these new strategies seem to offer benefits for distressed public housing communities but also involve risks for the most vulnerable current tenants. Increased screening and/or the need to compete with private market tenants may force these families out of the assisted housing market.

Addressing the complex needs of the most troubled public housing tenants will call for a more comprehensive solution. The intent of the Gautreaux case was to increase opportunity and enhance quality of life for public housing tenants; policy makers should take steps to ensure that current programs reflect these fundamental goals.     

Comment on Charles C. Bohl's “new urbanism and the city: Potential applications and implications for distressed inner‐city neighborhoods”

Abstract

This article argues that distressed neighborhoods greatly benefit from New Urbanist design. New Urbanists have been rebuilding distressed neighborhoods for years, and New Urbanism's mix of architecture, planning, and public policy offers inner‐city neighborhoods the best set of tools available to improve the quality of life for their residents. Principles based on flexibility and absolute rejection of formula allow New Urbanism to offer solutions for a broad range of situations.     

Foreclosure filings and sheriff's sales experienced by low‐income first‐time home buyers

Abstract

This paper examines the recent history of supply‐side subsidies. The first section describes the programs that have had a major impact on the supply of low‐income housing over the last 20 years. The second section looks in some detail at the recent history of tax subsidies to low‐income housing and attempts to quantify their magnitudes. The third section presents some data on recent syndication deals to shed light on the return rate that seems to have been required in recent years to attract private investors into low‐income housing. The final section turns to the literature on rent‐seeking behavior and proposes a more efficient way to subsidize low‐income housing production.     

浅析国民待遇原则、改善投资环境与我国涉外所得税制改革

2 0 0 1年 12月 11日我国正式成为世贸组织的成员方。入世后 ,我国要遵守世贸组织的原则和规则。国民待遇原则就要求我国内资企业与外资企业税收的一致 ,如果我国对涉外税制特别是涉外所得税制进行调整 ,势必会损害我国投资环境的改善。如何做到既符合国民待遇原则的要求 ,又不致损害我国的投资环境 ,就成为目前我们所面临的重要课题 ,本文就此问题作一些简要的阐述。     

盐酸曲马多在大鼠体内的分布特点

目的观察盐酸曲马多在大鼠体内的分布及其特点。方法大鼠以3倍和6倍LD50228mg/kg剂量盐酸曲马多灌胃染毒致死,取材,薄层色谱法检测其心、肺、肝、脾、肾、大脑和血内盐酸曲马多的浓度。结果3倍LD50剂量组大鼠肾、肺、血、肝、大脑、脾和心组织盐酸曲马多的浓度分别为112±15、59±17、53±31、32±19.7、22±11.5、20±20、16.7±8.3μg/g或μg/ml;6倍LD50剂量组大鼠血、肺、肝、心、肾、大脑和脾中盐酸曲马多的浓度分别为107.6±7.2、26.3±20、11.7±6.6、11.2±7.2、10.3±3.6、6.38±0.2、6.1±0.3μg/g或μg/ml。结论3倍LD50剂量组大鼠,肾、肺、血内盐酸曲马多浓度最高;6倍LD50剂量组大鼠血、肺、肝中盐酸曲马多的浓度最高。盐酸曲马多中毒时,血、肝、肺和肾可以作为法医毒物分析的检材。     

公平与效率的多重关系及其现实选择

公平与效率相互关系中的“公平” ,是指经济公平 ,而且主要是指收入分配的公平。收入分配的公平包括起点公平、过程公平和结果公平三个方面 ,前两者与效率之间不存在矛盾。公平与效率之间的矛盾 ,主要体现在分配结果比较均衡与效率之间存在矛盾。在公平与效率的两难选择中 ,必须坚持效率优先、兼顾公平的原则。在初次分配中必须注重效率 ,发挥市场的作用 ;在再分配中必须注重公平 ,发挥政府对收入分配的调节职能。     

非劳动收入问题论析

不沿用"资本剥削"的概念,并不是背离马克思剩余价值的理论;非劳动收入是对私营企业主等新的社会阶层合法收入的新概括,比"资本剥削"更合理更科学地说明了他们的实际收入。     

我国人力资源配置的状况及对策

我国传统的人力资源配置机制造成了劳动力总供给过大、结构不合理、人力资源个体素质和结构与社会需求不相吻合等一系列问题.当前,我国正在从计划经济向市场经济转变,为了解决上述问题、优化人力资源配置,我们一方面要控制人力资源生产数量,提高人力资源使用数量;另一方面,还应建立人力资源的市场配置机制,使市场在国家宏观调控下对人力资源配置起基础性作用.