贫困地区农村社会经济分化研究

在现阶段,贫困农村地区的社会经济分化广泛而深刻。这种分化不仅表现为较大的收入分配差距,也表现为许多重要家庭社会经济特征的差异化。收入分化是贫困地区农户社会经济分化的核心表现,不同的收入来源,不同的家庭社会经济特征,都对家庭收入的不平等产生了程度不同的影响,但依赖劳动力数量的增加来实现收入增长的趋势仍很明显。     

从可持续发展的角度看稳定中国的人口规模

当前中国实行的计划生育政策其实是一种压缩型人口政策,随着社会、经济的发展,以及计划生育本身作用的发挥,人口增长面临严重下滑趋势,不利于中国可持续发展,亟需引起重视。     

彝族古代建筑——九重宫殿浅析

九重宫殿是历史上彝族君长的宫廷建筑。它是取法天地而建造的,在云贵川三省均有分布,在彝文古籍和方志中都有记载,并有文化遗址存在。九重宫殿的开发至今还有现实意义。     

制度距离、文化差异与中美贸易摩擦中的权力因素——基于1980~2018年美国对外贸易争端数据的定量研究

中美贸易摩擦是体系压力和美国国内因素共同作用的结果。基于1980~2018年美国对外贸易争端数据的定量研究,文章采用面板负二项模型对中美两国间的制度距离、文化差异和相对实力差距的缩小等结构性变量,以及美国国内政治等单元层次的中介变量、贸易和投资等渠道变量,对中美贸易摩擦的影响进行了实证考察。研究认为,中美间军事、经济和科技实力差距的缩小即相对实力分布的变化会显著强化美国作为守成大国对中国作为崛起大国发起贸易摩擦的可能性;中美两国间的政治、经济制度距离和文化差异或价值观的不同也会显著影响中美两国间发生贸易摩擦的可能性,同时,与美国政治关系良好、在制度和文化上与其接近的国家并不必然意味着与美国贸易摩擦的减少;美国国内不同政治行为体、社会行为体的利益诉求、政策偏好,与贸易的交互效应一起,会进一步增加中美两国因实力差距的缩小、制度和文化(观念)差异等体系因素或结构性变量所引发的贸易摩擦发生的概率;经济因素依然是决定中美贸易摩擦的基础性因素,中美贸易失衡、中国对美直接投资的迅速增加以及中国对美国市场渗透率的提升、美国国内经济绩效的波动、美国国内收入不平等程度的加剧,与贸易的收入分配效应一起,也会显著提升两国间发生贸易摩擦的可能性。     

权利外观与诈骗罪认定

行为人利用虚假的权利外观实施表见行为,第三人对外观产生合理信赖,向行为人给付对价并取得相应财产,根据权利外观理论,民法对第三人财产予以保护,不利后果转由真实权利人承担。但是,刑法的价值取向、司法解释的相关规定以及法律关系强行转换导致的处罚漏洞,阻断了将该理论适用于犯罪认定的现实可能。在规范层面将财产损害分为损害发生与损害分配,刑民对损害发生的认定相互契合,均将第三人作为表见行为的直接被害人;与此同时,刑法对损害分配不作评价,在法律事实的相对性层面,刑民又各自分立。第三人是遭受财产损失的刑事被害人,在善意取得、表见代理的案件中,行为人通过隐瞒自己并非真实权利人的事实,致使第三人陷入认识错误交付财物,成立诈骗罪。     

论民族地区税源与税收收入的背离问题

《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》出台,标志着我国新一轮税收制度改革进入重要阶段。税收制度中的深层次矛盾也日益凸现。其中,税收制度中的税源与税收收入背离问题尤其值得关注。本文以民族地区为视角,研究地区税源与税收收入存在的背离现象,并对这种背离带来的问题进行分析,以之为基础,提出相应的解决思路和政策建议。     

Neighborhood heterogeneity and electoral turnout

We perform an empirical analysis to investigate how neighborhood heterogeneity affects electoral turnout. To this end, we rely on a unique dataset on local elections in an Italian municipality, which merges information on socio-economic characteristics of about 370.000 individuals with turnout data for 434 electoral precincts in 2004 and 2009. Exploiting both across and within precincts variation, we are able to disentangle the contextual effects on precinct-level electoral turnout of two different dimensions of neighborhood heterogeneity: income inequality and ethnic composition. Our results support the idea that contextual heterogeneity negatively affects political participation.     

Why Low-Income Households Become Unstably Housed: Evidence From the Panel Study of Income Dynamics

ABSTRACT

Because of a severe shortage of affordable housing in the United States, an increasing number of low-income households suffer from housing instability. However, little evidence exists as to why they experienced housing instability, although they were stably housed at other times. By applying hybrid models to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics data, this study estimates the effects of potential household-level predictors on the likelihood of experiencing housing instability. The results show that changes in family employment structure, job insecurity, automobile ownership, and the number of adult family members within a household correlate with housing instability after controlling for changes in household income and housing costs. Moreover, I find that households with children are particularly vulnerable to housing instability. These results contribute to identifying valid household-level predictors of housing instability and developing preventive policy interventions that help unsubsidized low-income households achieve housing stability.     

Capability Failure and Group Disparities : Some Evidence from India for the 1980s

This paper advances a particular measure of deprivation - called the Capability Failure Ratio (CFR) - on the dimensions of longevity, knowledge and income, and suggests how an (inequality-) 'adjusted' version of the CFR may be derived. These measurement concerns are explored in the context of relevant State-wise data for the Indian Union. The paper thus makes an attempt to enrich the analysis of human predicament by sensitising 'measures of central tendency' to distributional concerns.