域外医疗损害之举证责任分配比较与我国的策略

举证责任,是民事诉讼的核心问题,它直接规划着民事诉讼的构造形态,在民事诉讼中有着举足轻重的地位。而举证责任的分配,又是举证责任制度的核心,也是理论研究最有争议的问题。大陆法系与英美法系在举证责任和举证责任分配上各有特点,美国、德国、日本和我国台湾地区医疗损害的举证责任分配规则也各有千秋,作者建议,我国现阶段医疗损害举证责任分配的规则应当进行相应改造。     

对西峰区农民增收情况的调查与思考

改革开放三十年来,西峰区农民收入发生了显著变化。但与全国、全省农民收入水平相比,还存在一定的差距,为此,要加快第二、三产业发展、农业产业化经营、城乡一体化进程、农村剩余劳动力转移、农村综合改革等五方面促农增收工程来增加农民收入。     

Does density exacerbate income segregation? Evidence from U.S. metropolitan areas, 1980 to 2000

Abstract

A fundamental goal of many smart growth efforts is to promote greater socioeconomic equity through more compact development. In this article, we point out that the connection between the built environment and socioeconomic outcomes may be more complex than it is generally portrayed to be, particularly in light of recent trends in urban and regional development.

Through an empirical analysis involving two measures of income segregation, dissimilarity and isolation, in a national data set of metropolitan areas from 1980 to 2000, we illustrate that the relationship between density and income segregation follows a quadratic function, first rising, then falling, as densities increase. Moreover, changes in density—whether increases or decreases—always increased segregation. These findings suggest that, if greater socioeconomic equity is a goal, smart growth programs need to pay as much attention to market forces and the underlying political landscape as they do to the built environment.     

土地开发增值收益分配制度的法理基础

土地开发权的性质是公权力,其基本内容是土地用途管制和规划管理,土地开发权决定土地资源的初始配置,它是土地资源市场配置的基础。土地利用的公法调整是私法调整的基础。土地开发权是产生土地开发增值收益的决定因素,这是构建和完善土地开发增值收益分配制度的法理基础。国家应当以土地管理者身份参与土地开发增值收益的初次分配和二次分配,以实现土地开发增值收益社会分享的政策目标。作为土地所有权人的国家和集体以及其他民事权利主体,依据民事权利参与土地开发增值收益的初次分配。     

When does inequality demobilize? New evidence from the American states

Income inequality has been rising throughout the industrialized world, particularly in the United States. This long been thought to depress turnout, but extant research has yielded mixed findings. Here, I argue that the inequality-turnout relationship is conditional, depending crucially on election salience. I test this by using three decades (1984–2014) of panel data from the U.S. states and by leveraging the fixed and exogenous occurrence of presidential (higher-salience) and midterm (lower-salience) elections. Overall, I find a negative and statistically significant relationship between income inequality and voter turnout in midterm election years, but a substantively small and non-significant relationship in presidential election years. I attribute this to the ability of presidential contests, relative to midterms, to counteract the demobilizing influence of high inequality, by piquing voters’ interest and activating citizens who would otherwise abstain. Overall, these findings help us to better understand of the politics of electoral participation in an era of high, and rising economic inequality.     

行政处罚权的相对集中:现实的范围及追问

集中行使行政处罚权的范围,用了"相对集中"表述。如何理解"相对"?要明确和确定哪些行政处罚权需要集中,就必须进一步完善行政处罚权集中的范围和调整配置制度。目前,各地对行政处罚权进行了调整和配置,在城市管理领域和文化等领域集中了有关行政处罚权,并形成了不同的模式。行政处罚权的集中范围和调整配置制度基本符合实际需要,有助于提高行政执法的质量和水平,深化行政管理体制改革。当然,这一制度尚存在一些问题。     

构建和谐社会应以分配公平为基础

分配公平是整个社会公平的最根本内容,也是构建和谐社会的基础。我国当前收入差距悬殊的问题普遍存在;收入分配不公是构建和谐社会的最大挑战,容易诱发社会的不稳定因素;当前需要完善收入分配制度、规范收入分配秩序、落实收入公平分配措施,促进社会和谐发展。     

从最终需求看我国长期经济增长

本文从最终需求的角度,即从出口、投资和消费这三个方面,对影响中国当前和长期经济增长的主要因素进行了分析.首先分析了全球金融危机和经济衰退对中国外向型经济所可能造成的实际影响,指出外部环境的变化对中国经济增长的冲击是有限的,有可能通过增加内部需求来消除;其次分析了影响中国内需的主要因素,并着重指出近年来中国国民收入分配格局的变化,导致了国内需求的失衡,调整收入分配结构是扩大内需、保持中国经济长期平稳较快增长的重要途径.     

宪法按劳分配规范的当代意涵

按劳分配是我国宪法上一项重要的经济制度和劳动制度,其当代意涵需要从经济改革的角度加以阐发。经济改革为宪法按劳分配规范设定了演进主义的解释立场,改革的实践与需求构成解释宪法按劳分配规范的主要依据。经济改革引入了市场经济体制,重构了所有制结构和分配制度,也改变了按劳分配的制度环境。在与制度环境适配的过程中,按劳分配的规范意涵不断丰富。按劳分配亦服务于重要的宪法目标和宪法价值。新发展理念入宪意味着创新和共享成为新的宪法价值目标。对于按劳分配规范的解释,应与效率、创新、共享三大目标实现衔接互构。