烧骨组织形态变化及DNA技术在个体识别中的应用

烧骨在火灾、焚尸、交通、爆炸等案件和事故的检材中具有特殊的地位。通过对不同条件焚烧下烧骨组织形态及DNA变化规律的研究,可为法医实践中烧骨的种属鉴定、性别及年龄判定提供准确的依据和标准,同时可利用残存的基因位点对烧骨残块进行个体识别和同一认定。烧骨DNA的提取方法及检测技术也在不断探索和改进。本文对烧骨在形态学、组织学和分子生物学水平研究进展以及烧骨评测的方法、技术进行概述,旨在为法医实践及进一步研究提供新的方法和思路。     

纸张检验综述

纸张检验是文件检验鉴定技术的重要组成部分之一。文章对有关纸张种类鉴别和纸张相对形成时间检验的文献进行了综述,介绍了用于纸张种类和形成时间检验的无损和有损方法,对各种方法的适用性进行了归纳总结。     

新生代农民工对共青团组织的认知状况探讨——基于山西省6座城市的调查

调查表明,从政治态度上看,新生代农民工对团组织的基本认识是令人满意的,但对团组织的认同状况并不乐观。产生这种“认同危机”的基本原因在于利益满足的不充分,其中,“服务”与“需求”的部分错位,不同层级的团组织提供的服务存在较大的同质性,又是导致利益满足不充分的主要原因。因此,在满足主导性需求的基础上提供差异化服务,与党政组织和社会自组织协调行动,利用各种社会资源,构建多种利益满足的工作机制,是团组织在提高认同度时应着重考虑的问题。     

Using anisotropic diffusion for efficient extraction of sensor noise in camera identification

Each digital camera has an intrinsic fingerprint that is unique to each camera. This device fingerprint can be extracted from an image and can be compared with a reference device fingerprint to determine the device origin. The complexity of the filters proposed to accomplish this is increasing. In this note, we use a relatively simple algorithm to extract the sensor noise from images. It has the advantages of being easy to implement and parallelize, and working faster than the wavelet filter that is common for this application. In addition, we compare the performance with a simple median filter and assess whether a previously proposed fingerprint enhancement technique improves results. Experiments are performed on approximately 7500 images originating from 69 cameras, and the results are compared with this often used wavelet filter. Despite the simplicity of the proposed method, the performance exceeds the common wavelet filter and reduces the time needed for the extraction.     

Morphologic patterns of lip prints in a portuguese population: a preliminary analysis

Lip prints are thought to have the ability to distinguish individuals and, hence, have a potential use in human identification purposes. However, questions remain regarding their utility for sex determination. This study aimed to classify lip prints for different individuals in a Portuguese population and to determine whether sex differences exist. Lip prints of 25 females and 25 males were obtained using dark-colored lipstick and cellophane tape. Lip prints were analyzed using a magnifying lens and classified according to the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. A Type II pattern was found to be most common. A comparison of lip-print patterns between males and females showed results with a statistically significant difference: Type III pattern was most common in males, and a Type II pattern in females. This study corroborates the hypothesis that lip prints are able to distinguish individuals and may be useful in sex determination.     

植物SSR标记的研究现状及其在法庭科学中的应用

随着SSR分子标记技术的深入研究,其在植物遗传多样性分析、种属鉴定、个体识别中得到越来越广泛的应用。本文就植物SSR分子标记技术的特性、发展、研究现状进行综述,并探讨其在法庭科学中的应用前景,旨在为法庭科学和相关学科中的应用和相关领域中的研究提供参考。     

伪造、盗窃、买卖武装部队专用标志罪的探讨

近些年来,伪造、盗窃、买卖武装部队专用标志的情况不断增多,严重扰乱了社会管理秩序,损害了军队形象和声誉,妨害了部队战备、训练等工作的正常进行。《中华人民共和国刑法修正案（七）》将伪造、盗窃、买卖武装部队专用标志罪正式入刑,这是我国刑事立法的重要完善,也是维护国防利益的重要举措。本文在界定了伪造、盗窃、买卖武装部队专用标志罪概念的基础上,简要梳理了此类犯罪的立法沿革、概况,按照刑法理论分别从犯罪主体、犯罪主观方面、犯罪客体和犯罪客观方面对本罪的犯罪构成要件进行了论述,探讨了此罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪的政策界限,并对处罚进行了简要分析。     

QQ取证及其司法鉴定方法研究

简要介绍QQ取证及其司法鉴定研究的发展现状。分析QQ消息传输协议、数据库文件结构、Msg2.0.db文件的加密机制,重点研究QQ聊天记录及其他证据信息获取的思路和方法。在结合QQ取证鉴定案例的基础上,提出将手机与QQ进行融合取证的新思路,并对QQ取证及其司法鉴定的发展方向进行展望。     

Palatal rugae pattern in a Portuguese population: a preliminary analysis

Palatal rugae have been related with specific racial groups and are said to be useful in sex discrimination. This work aimed to characterize the palatal rugae patterns in a Portuguese population. Fifty plaster casts were examined for first and third rugae shape evaluation; shape, frequency, and association with sex were studied. In females, the most prevalent first rugae were the straight type on the right and the curve type on the left; in males, the straight type was the most prevalent on both sides. The most frequent third rugae type was sinuous on both sides, in both sexes. No significant sexual dimorphism in rugae shape was found (p > 0.05). When comparing these results with those from other investigations, it was clear that a particular rugae pattern could be established for different ethnic groups. However, the small sample size justifies further work in larger samples to validate these findings.     

糖皮质激素不良反应在医疗纠纷鉴定中引发的思考

糖皮质激素是维持生命的必需品,药理作用广,不适当的使用或长期大剂量使用可导致不良反应和并发症甚至危及生命。糖皮质激素在为患者治疗疾病的同时,也使许多患者饱受全身器官、组织受损的痛苦。由于临床存在不合理应用,不可避免地对机体产生严重的危害,有的甚至产生严重的后果,轻者掩盖病情,延误诊断,重者致感染扩散,危及生命。