交通肇事罪之争议问题再研究——兼评最高法院的《司法解释》

对交通肇事罪来说 ,尽管刑法有明确规定 ,特别是司法解释对其作了具体、详细的规定。但是 ,值得商权之处也不少 ,这样一来 ,又引起了一些新的、更大的歧义和司法适用上的混乱 ,因此 ,笔者遴选几个争议问题加以研讨 ,以求对些问题作出恰当的理解和处理。     

抗人心肌肌凝蛋白重链单克隆抗体在心肌缺血尸检例中的应用

为了更有效地检测早期及超早期心肌缺血性病变，对5例心肌组织材料进行了肌凝蛋白重链（MyosinH链）及肌红蛋白的免疫组织学染色，探讨了肌凝蛋白的染色情况、抗原分布、死后变化对染色的影响及心肌早期、超早期缺血的有无、程度及与死亡的关系。应用石蜡组织切片进行的抗人心肌肌凝蛋白重链免疫组织学染色，在病理学方面尚属首次，这种单克隆抗体对人的特异性高，无共集现象，在心肌缺血数分钟乃至十几分钟后即可发现缺血心肌细胞中肌凝蛋白重键的脱失像，是分析早期、超早期心肌缺血所致急死及其它原因死亡案例心肌缺血病变的有力方法。     

References for determining the time of death by potassium in vitreous humor

The different statements concerning the slope and intercept of the regression line and the 95% limits of confidence are the reason that potassium in vitreous humor is not used (at least in Germany) as an aid in estimating the time of death. The relationship between the concentration of potassium and the time of death is mainly influenced by antemortem electrolyte imbalances caused by disease and/or duration of terminal episode. The influence of terminal episode is best identified by its duration (Adelson et al., J. Forensic Sci., 8 (1963) 503–514). In order to have a method suitable for every case and to be as precise as possible we looked therefore for parameters in vitreous humor which were stable postmortem and indicating antemortem electrolyte imbalance. Urea is such a parameter, being stable postmortem (Coe, Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 51 (1969) 741–750) and useful as a marker of antemortem electrolyte imbalance. Our investigations on potassium in vitreous humor, including sudden and hospital deaths after chronic lingering disease, revealed 95% limits of confidence of ±34 h up to 120 h postmortem. Reviewing only cases with urea less than 100 mg/dl the 95% limits of confidence could be reduced to ±22 h. Considering the duration of terminal episode (<6 h) the precision was ±20 h. In this way our modified procedure is suitable for every case with the resulting precision of estimation being determined only by the duration of the terminal episode and urea concentration.     

抛尸现场相关物品的辨析

抛尸现场的相关物品是指在抛尸现场与尸体有直接联系的有关物品。刑技人员在做好现场勘验和尸体检验的同时要认真发现、提取、检验与尸体有直接联系的有关物品,分析研究有关物品的内在联系信息,为案件的侦破提供方向,为诉讼提供证据。     

病毒性心肌炎和扩张性心肌病中Dystrophin蛋白的表达

目的探讨病毒性心肌炎和扩张性心肌病的发病机制及相互关系,从而提高心性猝死法医学鉴定的可靠性和准确性。方法对17例对照(包括正常心脏、冠心病、高血压性心脏病等),25例病毒性心肌炎和28例扩张性心肌病的心肌组织进行改良的病理学dystrophin免疫组织化学研究。结果dystrophin蛋白在对照组,病毒性心肌炎组和扩张性心肌病组中阳性表达率分别为100%,88%,57%,三组表达差异有显著性(P<0.05),且在病毒性心肌炎和扩张性心肌病组间表达有显著差异(P<0.05),经Spearman等级相关分析呈显著负相关(r=-0.526)。结论病毒性心肌炎和扩张性心肌病心肌中细胞骨架蛋白均有破坏,且随着由病毒性心肌炎进展为扩张性心肌病,dystrophin蛋白表达逐渐降低,说明在病毒性心肌炎和扩张性心肌病的发病机制中可能与dystrophin的被破坏有关,病毒感染并破坏心肌细胞骨架蛋白并最终导致心肌细胞坏死,心功能受损,从而使病毒性心肌炎进展为扩张性心肌病。     

评死刑废除论的“人道”错位

每个人都平等地享有"人权",而"人道"的核心就是捍卫每个人的人权."人的宝贵与尊严"对于所有的人都是相同的,当一个人强调自己生命的宝贵与人格尊严的时候,他同时应当尊重他人的生命与尊严.法律追求公正与正义,它保护某个人的生命与尊严同时,对其他所有的人施以同样的保护.一个人如果为追求自己的不当利益,公然践踏法律的明文禁令、残酷剥夺他人只有一次的宝贵生命,那他就同社会准则、道德和秩序格格不入,法律就不能再偏袒他的生命.否则,法律的天平就会失衡,法律的不公就会造成社会的混乱.人们不能在口口声声追求法律公正的同时,却以杀人犯受到法律制裁时的心理感受而决定法律的取舍!     

人权公约与生命权的刑法保护的比较研究

生命权是国际社会公认的基本人权。珍爱生命、保护生命权日益成为联合国国际人权公约和国际社会所致力追求的目标。刑法作为一国法律体系的重要组成部分,由于其保护法益的广泛性、重要性及其对违法行为制裁的严厉性,使得刑法对公民生命权的保护较之其他部门法而言更具举足轻重的意义。但就刑法对生命权的保护方式而言,中外刑法则主要通过对杀人罪的规定与限制和废除死刑两种"相对"的———或称"因果"的方式而完成的。从《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》的角度,就我国刑法对生命权的保护及其立法完善进行探讨,能使现行刑法较好较早地与国际人权公约接轨。     

An unusual case of sudden unexpected death: postmortem investigation and biomechanical analysis of the cervical spine

A naked man died under peculiar circumstances and the postmortem examination revealed unexpected lesions in the cervical spine. Investigations of the cervical spine (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and histological examination) showed that a piece of bone was torn of the anterior part of vertebra C6 and that there was fresh bleeding in the surrounding tissue. The cause of death remained unclear but was most likely cardiac arrhythmia initiated by beta-2 agonist inhalation due to an acute asthmatic attack. Data from biomechanical investigation using finite element analysis supported the conclusion that the cervical spine injury was secondary to impact during falling as a consequence of the cardiac arrhythmia.     

Appearance of chemical burns resulting from the washing of a deceased body with bleach

The authors report on a case of postmortem washing of a body with bleach. An adult female victim was found nude in an alleyway with both hands removed in the City of Westminster, CO. Cause of death was attributed to severe blunt force trauma to the head. The victim had been dumped in the alleyway within 7 h of discovery. Evidence discovered at the crime scene and autopsy indicated that the murder and subsequent washing of the body with bleach occurred at a secondary location(s). The victim was wet to the touch, presenting a strong odor of bleach. Several "ribbon"-like burn patterns were observed on the victim's back and upper thighs. These burn marks were replicated by dowsing a deceased pig with an over-the-counter concentration of bleach.     

不同死亡方式大鼠心肌组织中ATP、ADP和AMP含量比较

目的比较不同死亡方式对大鼠心肌组织能量物质变化的影响,为判断不同死亡方式及死亡时间提供依据。方法180只大鼠随机分为三组,以不同方式(失血、窒息、断颈)处死,高效液相色谱法检测死后0、0.5、1、1.5、2、3、4、6、8、12、18和24h大鼠心肌组织中的ATP、ADP、AMP含量。结果三组不同死亡方式大鼠心肌组织的ATP、ADP、AMP的含量在大部分时间点做组间比较有明显差异(P<0.05);每组不同死亡方式的大鼠心肌组织中ATP、AMP的含量随时间的变化有明显的差异(P<0.01),而各组中的ADP在死亡一定时间后无明显差异。结论不同死亡方式的大鼠心肌组织中能量物质死后变化可以用作对死亡方式及某种方式不同死亡时间做出判断的依据。