The moment you decide,you divide: How politicians assess procedural fairness

Are politicians more rational decision makers than citizens? This article contributes to the ongoing debate by examining how politicians and citizens assess the fairness of the process leading to a controversial policy decision. It contains theories as to why it is tempting to match the favourability of policy decision with a fairness assessment of the preceding process, and how politicians and citizens differ in their approach to the task. Having derived three hypotheses, parallel scenario experiments are run in large samples of Swedish politicians and citizens, in which the outcome and fairness of a policy decision process are manipulated. As predicted, it is found that both politicians and citizens match the favourability of the decision with the assessment of the process, that these self-serving biases are stronger among politicians, and that policy engagement accounts for the group-level difference.     

Brexit,Cabinet Norms and the Ministerial Code: Are we Living in a post-Nolan Era?

The Nolan Report will celebrate its twenty-fifth anniversary in 2020, and for most of this last quarter-century, it has provided the underlying ethical basis for public life in the United Kingdom. However, its principles are now being called into question in a number of areas, following the Conservative government’s loss of its parliamentary majority in the 2017 election, with the interests of party taking precedence over adherence to both the spirit and the codified practical implementation of some of the ultimate outcomes of Nolan, namely the Ministerial Code and the Commissioner for Parliamentary Standards. This article argues, with explicit evidence and examples, that ministerial conduct which would not have been tolerated before 2017 is now being routinely ignored in the interest of maintaining party unity in order to deliver some form of Brexit. The article concludes by asking whether Nolan norms still command consensus post-Brexit.     

The political economy of labor market deregulation during IMF interventions

This study examines the relationship between policy interventions by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and de jure labor rights. Combining two novel data sets with unprecedented country-year coverage – leximetric data on labor laws and disaggregated data on IMF conditionality – our analysis of up to 70 developing countries from 1980 to 2014 demonstrates that IMF-mandated labor market policy measures significantly reduce both individual and collective labor rights. Once we control for the effect of labor market policy measures, however, we find that collective labor rights increase in the wake of IMF programs. We argue that this result is explained by the impact of union pressure on governments which, in such a context, are imbued with the policy space to respond to domestic interest groups. The study has broader theoretical implications as to when international organizations are effective in constraining governments’ choices.     

Building the Rule of International Criminal Law: The Role of Judges and Prosecutors in the Apprehension of War Criminals

International criminal tribunals are weak institutions, especially since they do not have their own police forces to execute arrest warrants. Understandably then, much of the existing literature has focused exclusively on pressure from major powers and on changing domestic politics to explain the apprehension of suspected war criminals. In contrast, this article turns attention back to the tribunals themselves. I propose three ways in which the activities of international criminal tribunals impact compliance with arrest warrants: through the selection of individuals to indict, demonstrated leniency on some suspects and outreach to domestic legal professionals. Using a duration model that accounts for sample selection and data collected on the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, I test these theories alongside other existing explanations. I find that court activities can have an independent effect on the successful implementation of international criminal law.

在沪日侨与近代上海公共租界市政决策--以1935年至1936年反对电话加价运动为个案

公用事业价格议定是近代市政决策的一项重要内容，能否充分参与其中，是衡量市民权是否充分伸张的指标之一。1935至1936年反对电话加价运动中，在沪日侨通过用户代表请愿、工部局日籍董事力争、纳税人提案和日籍电话专家介入调查等方式，对租界市政决策形成了一定的舆论压力和行政阻力，影响了电话价格厘定。公共租界相关议政和决策机制的存在，使日侨民意表达渠道保持了相对畅通，近代日本在上海全面干预的总方针也无疑促成了日侨在租界电话价格议定过程中的发言权。     

浅析国际贸易与环境保护的关系

本文介绍国际贸易与环境保护的相互影响,阐述了经济全球化和WTO框架下环境保护的发展趋势,并针对我国的现状提出贸易与环保方面的对策。     

土耳其对非洲战略与政策评析

人们往往以为是向非洲开放政策推动了土耳其与非洲关系的发展;但该政策直到2005年才得到落实的事实,证明了隶属于土耳其总体对外战略的对非洲战略的形成才是真正的动力。土耳其对非洲战略是其总体对外战略三大支柱之大周边外交的一部分;因此,其优先次序相对较低,尽管其目标是以恢复和提升土耳其在非洲的软实力为核心推动土非关系全面发展,但也有间接服务于提升自身面对美欧时的话语权的功能。通过官民结合、全面动员,软实力先行带动土非关系全面发展,土耳其与非洲的政治关系机制化水平不断提升,经贸关系日益密切,社会联系和相互了解日益深入,同时也得到了美欧的更大重视,为土非关系的长期发展奠定了坚实基础。     

以分析案例为重点的国际商务单证教学方法研究

国际商务单证课程具有很强的操作性,意在培养学生外贸工作的制单能力。但目前高职院校课堂大都存在以理论讲授为主,学生接受性不强的问题。针对这类问题,提出在国际商务单证教学过程中采用以分析案例为重点的教学方法,并谈及应用与体会。     

当代国际法的若干发展趋势

伴随着国际社会主体结构进一步向多元发展,国际法领域反映出新的发展趋势：国际法的调整范围和领域不断扩大,国际制度性权力博弈向纵深拓展,国际法治逐步趋于加强,与国际政治的相互作用关系凸显,国际法进入加速量变阶段。在挑战与机遇共存中,应妥善应因国际法的新发展。     

公司章程自由与公司法强制性规范的协调

公司章程自由是实现公司自治的决定性因素,而公司法中的强制性条款的设定也是必要的。对＂章程不得违反公司法中的强制性规则＂的原则,应根据不同情况进行分析,从而判定行为的效力。