诉讼证明标准在价值论上的趋同

证明标准理论中的“客观真实说”和“法律真实说”是基于相同的辩证唯物主义认识论基础和相同的现实时空 ,所以在操作层面上得出相同的证明标准是必然的。“客观真实说”与“法律真实说”都趋同于英美法系和大陆法系的诉讼证明标准 ,则源于诉讼价值论上的趋同。     

中蒙国际贸易依存度比较分析

蒙古国计划经济时期与转型时期的对外贸易依存度都较高,但计划经济时期对外贸易依存度保护相对稳定,转型时期的对外贸易依存度周期性波动特征明显;中国已经成为蒙古国最为重要的贸易顺差来源国,双边进出口贸易的相互依赖程度存在不断提高的趋势,波动性较强,面临不平衡性和波动性双重风险;通过双边或者多边贸易协定可以稳定双边贸易关系并控制贸易风险。     

原产地保护制度及规则构筑之思路

原产地保护是一项在国际上已有一百多年历史的工业产权制度,在保障以某些知名商品为代表的地域产业经济良性发展和维护有序的知识产权市场化方面发挥着巨大作用。由于长期以来未建立起一套成型的原产地保护制度,我国在原产地名称上屡遭假冒、抢注等侵权。TRIPS协议明确将原产地名称(地理标志)纳入了法律的保护。因此,中国在原产地名称保护方面势必要加强力度,在立法模式、具体操作等问题上,应采取一些必要措施。     

THE PRIVATIZATION OF VIOLENCE*

Norbert Elias's (1939) work on “the civilizing process” highlighted the long‐term decline in violence within Western societies. A substantial amount of more recent anthropological and historical evidence suggests that violence has evolved not just quantitatively but qualitatively as well. In particular, the social characteristics of the parties to violence have changed over time. Drawing on Donald Black's (1976, 1993a) theoretical ideas on conflict management, the present paper proposes that as intimate social ties weakened and the state strengthened, collective and nonintimate forms of (nonpolitical) violence declined significantly. Consequently, violence increasingly became less public, more private. Pockets of residual public violence can, however, still be found within modern state societies. Privatization varies, then, across time and social space.     

2005年上半年俄罗斯对外贸易浅析

2005年上半年,俄罗斯对外贸易继续保持大幅度增长,与欧盟国家的贸易伙伴关系进一步密切.外贸出口增势强劲,外贸进口快速增长.对外贸易增长依赖国际市场能源、原材料有利行情的同时,国内需求增长对外贸的正面影响进一步显现.下半年俄罗斯对外贸易仍会平稳增长,但增势可能趋缓.     

强化内需驱动确保经济平稳较快发展

投资、消费、对外贸易被视为经济增长的"三驾马车",它们共同影响着经济增长的基本态势。在不同的发展阶段,投资、消费、对外贸易对经济增长的拉动作用各不相同,政府的重视程度也存在较大差异。目前,在外贸和投资支撑面临双重压力的情况下,启动内需,发挥内需对经济增长的驱动作用已经成为急需解决的重要问题。     

Preserving the Identity Crisis: Autonomy,System and Sovereignty in European Law

This article uses Hans Kelsen's theory of a legalsystem to take a fresh look at European Community law,and the relationship between the European Community,its Member States, and international law. It arguesthat the basis of the Community's legal legitimacy isindeterminate, and offers a model to accommodate thatindeterminacy. This model is founded on aconstructivist approach suggested to be particularlyuseful in the EC context. Using this approach, it isargued that the concepts of system, autonomy andsovereignty in the Community can only be understoodthrough the recognition of a plurality of viewpoints,and that it is crucial, in describing the Community,to distinguish between a concept per se and thechoice to adopt that concept.     

现代大陆法系国际私法学人与学说管窥

大陆法系国际私法的理论学说经过无数学者的努力构建与发展,初步奠定了基本模式。自20世纪以来,大陆法系国际私法学说林立,呈现出百家争鸣、百花齐放的繁荣景象。对荷兰、德国、法国、意大利、日本、希腊等大陆法系国际私法学人与学说的检视和点评,不仅在国际私法理论研究方面有巨大的学术意义,而且在国际私法实务运作方面也极具实践价值。     

Decision Making in Autocratic Regimes: A Poliheuristic Perspective

This paper applies the poliheuristic theory of foreign policy decision making to non-democratic states. Poliheuristic theory asserts that state leaders assign primary importance to their political survival; however, the meaning of "the political" varies dramatically from country to country. Furthermore, the types of actors who hold leaders politically accountable also vary between countries. Consequently, leaders often pursue vastly different means of ensuring their political survival. The author uses the common distinction between single-party, military, and personalist autocracies to show that apparently arbitrary differences in autocratic leaders' political concerns actually vary in systematic and potentially predictable ways. Because this argument is generalized to non-democratic states as a whole, it has important implications for the ways in which democratic states craft their policies toward autocracies.