Differentiation between drug use and environmental contamination when testing for drugs in hair

Personality disorders are associated with criminality and antisocial and borderline personalities as strong predictors of violence. Nevertheless antisocial patients show more instrumental violence, while borderline patients more emotional violence. We surveilled medical records of a personality disorder facility, searching data of aggression and crimes against property among 11 patients with antisocial personality disorder and 19 borderline personality disorder. We found that there are differences regarding engagement in violence and lawbreaking according to the personality disorder: antisocial patients statistically engage more in crimes against property than the borderline patients, and more in this kind of crime than in aggression, whilst borderline patients show a tendency to engage more in episodes of aggression and physical violence than antisocial patients, and less in crimes against property. We conclude that the distinct personality leads to a distinct pattern of crimes and violence: antisocial patients are cold and get more involved in crimes requiring more detailed planning, whilst borderline patients are impulsive and engage in explosive episodes of physical violence. Further studies on the association among personality disorder, behavior pattern and violence type may be useful for both treatment and criminal profiling.     

论网络商业方法的可专利性

随着Internet的发展 ,电子商务成为人们关注的焦点 ,而与网络有关的商业方法专利 ,也成为热门话题。然而 ,尽管商业方法已成为美国法律的法定保护客体 ,对于这种新兴专利合法性的讨论 ,仍是方兴未艾。     

互联网使用、社会资本与家庭捐赠行为——来自CFPS的经验证据

慈善捐赠是慈善事业高质量发展的基石,影响着第三次分配作用发挥。基于2014年、2016年和2018年三期CFPS调查数据,考察了互联网使用对家庭捐赠行为的影响效果及作用机制。当前互联网使用显著提高了家庭向亲属捐赠、其他人捐赠、社会捐赠的数额,同时互联网使用对上述三类捐赠的作用效果不同,具体而言对亲属捐赠的影响最大,对社会捐赠的影响次之,对其他人捐赠的影响相对较小。互联网使用通过丰富结构型社会资本和关系型社会资本提高家庭三类捐赠规模,并通过丰富认知型社会资本积累促进家庭向亲属捐赠。研究不仅深化了对“互联网+慈善”的理解,而且对促进公众参与慈善具有一定参考价值。     

The predictive validity of youth violence risk assessment tools: a systematic review

ABSTRACT

This paper reports the findings of a systematic search of published literature which reports the predictive validity of violence risk assessment tools specifically designed for use with youth. A total of 38 studies, involving 9,307 participants, reported data for six different tools; the most common of which were the SAVRY and the YLS/CMI. Each of the tools demonstrated at least moderate levels of predictive validity, with the predictive validity of several newer assessment tools yet to be established. The results provide an up-to-date overview of the state of knowledge in an area in which practitioners make choices about which tools to use on an almost daily basis. It is important that practitioners are aware of the strength of evidence that is available to support the choice of violence risk assessment tools and the interpretation of results.     

New media and strategic narratives: the Dutch referendum on Ukraine – EU Association Agreement in Ukrainian and Russian Internet blogs

ABSTRACT

This article analyses two confronting narratives authored by Ukrainian and Russian bloggers who reported the Dutch referendum held on 6 March 2016, and discussed Dutch citizens’ referendum vote on the Ukraine–EU Association Agreement. The considered narratives, addressed to the Ukrainian and Russian audiences respectively, are viewed as strategic because they specifically portray political actors of the referendum “drama” – the Netherlands, the European Union (EU), Ukraine and Russia. These actors are significant participants of European international relations, and their perceptions of one another are important for European security at the present time of critical diplomacy. In this paper, information about the DUTCH REFERENDUM obtained from the new media texts is regarded as a narrative-based political concept (NBPC). It is argued that this concept has different versions, or images that reflect the narrators’ biased perceptions imposed upon the public. Identification and comparison of such images require a particular methodology. Therefore, the objective of this paper is two-fold: to expose the two confronting versions of a strategically relevant political image, and to develop an authentic, interdisciplinary methodology for its analysis. The proposed methodology is informed by the ontology theory employed in cognitive science and cognitive linguistics.     

论“网络暴力”致人自杀死亡的刑事责任

随着互联网科技的发展,虚拟空间与现实生活的联系越来越紧密,网络暴力事件层出不穷,出现了不少因不堪忍受凌辱而自杀的案例。我国刑法通常认为自杀死亡结果和网络暴力之间不存在因果关系,自杀死亡结果只是情节严重中的结果,但这并不合理。网络暴力的特质在于对精神的强制以及对身心的持续伤害,网络暴力高于普通的精神伤害行为,在特定的情况下网络暴力能成为杀人罪的实行行为并与自杀死亡结果有因果关系。相应地,刑事责任也应重新评价。     

责任阻却性紧急避险的厘清与适用——以受虐妇女杀夫案为视角

目前我国司法实践在处理受虐妇女杀夫案时直接进入量刑阶段,忽视了适用出罪事由实现无罪的可能性。在此类案件中,虽然因不存在"正在进行"的不法侵害而不能适用正当防卫,但针对危险引发者的防卫行为则可以运用其他紧急权资源。受虐妇女因无法忍受家庭暴力而杀害丈夫的行为,构成防御性紧急避险。然而紧急避险的正当化根据,不应采取功利主义的法益权衡说,而应采取社会团结义务说。即仅在理性人自愿负担的社会团结义务的限度以内才能成立违法阻却事由,因侵害生命的避险行为超出了社会团结义务的限度而无法得以正当化,但可能成立以无期待可能性为基础的责任阻却性紧急避险,这与我国《刑法》第21条的规定并不矛盾。     

互联网+社工：提升社会治理能力的新路径

互联网+社会工作（简称互联网+社工）作为提升社会治理能力的新路径，正在改变着社会治理的传统范式。它回应了社会治理能力提升的新需求，实现了与社会治理新需求的有机契合。这种新路径，能使多元合作领域得以拓展，各类服务资源无缝链接，福利服务载体丰富多样，专业助人手段智能升级，社会治理绩效持续提升。面对智能化时代的新挑战，社会工作部门需要及时重塑行为模式，转变专业角色:一是要突出共建共治共享，从各自为战转向协同创新；二是要强调快速灵活精准，从行为悬浮转向科学介入；三是要升级资源链接方式，从简单应急转向无缝对接；四是要重塑专业关系网络，从关系疏远转向专业跟进；五是要倡导多元合作协同，从单一线下转向复合智能。新时代的互联网+社工，必须坚持以智能化升级为取向，在专业介入的机制、方法、程序、资源、品牌中融入科技变量，不断在优化新机制、升级新方法、开发新程序、链接新资源和拓展新品牌等方面取得新的突破。     

论网络犯罪的现象和原因

网络犯罪是典型的计算机犯罪 ,网络的发展 ,既可以促进社会经济的全面发展 ,也有可能给人类社会带来不可估计的损失 ,我们应以客观的态度来看待这个问题。不能盲目惊喜于网络给我们社会带来的种种便利 ,过分夸张网络的无所不能 ,认为发展了科学技术就能自动地解决社会生活中的种种问题 ,而忽视它的不稳定性 ;也不能对网络全面否定 ,忽视网络对社会的推动作用 ,进而人为地限制网络的正常发展 ,这样更是得不偿失的。     

青少年网络保护的法律思考

网络是一把“双刃剑”,它在开拓青少年眼界,为他们提供丰富的信息资源和方便快捷的学习条件的同时,对青少年人格形成、学习成绩、行为方式等方面都将产生负面影响,因此,必须加强对青少年进行网络法律保护,这是法治社会的必然要求,是保证青少年健康成长,为青少年提供良好社会环境的重要手段。为此,应当加强立法,加大行政执法力度,对互联网信息服务提供者以及互联网上网服务营业场所进行法律管理,这样才能切实有效地减少网络对青少年的侵害和影响。