试析互联网治理的概念、机制与困境

目前最具影响力的互联网治理机制是互联网名称与数字地址分配机构和它的挑战者——联合国系统下的三个机构：国际电信联盟、信息社会世界峰会和互联网治理论坛。这两套互相竞争的机制各有不足之处,前者合法性不足,后者有效性不够。但这只是互联网治理困境的表象,其深层原因不仅在于网络安全问题本身的复杂性,还和国际体系转型过程中全球治理的困境密切相关,集中反映在三大矛盾上,即霸权国和国际社会的矛盾、中关之间的矛盾以及国家行为体和非国家行为体之间的矛盾。任何国际治理机制的有效性和合法性在很大程度上依赖于新兴大国的参与,互联网治理机制也是如此。基于此,中国如果能在其中扮演更加重要的角色,将对互联网治理起到积极的作用。     

论国家级考试舞弊行为的刑法规制

根据我国现行刑法的规定,对在国家级考试中实施舞弊行为情节严重的,可处以非法获取国家秘密罪或招收学生徇私舞弊罪等罪名。但对于为舞弊者提供协助行为情节严重的,现行刑法却无力惩处,并且对教师帮助学生实施舞弊行为适用招收学生徇私舞弊罪处罚也有违罪刑法定原则。为弥补刑事法律在规制国家级考试舞弊行为上的不足,必须在刑法中增设＂协助国家级考试舞弊罪＂,以有效地遏制考试舞弊盛行之风。     

预约定价法律制度研究

中华人民共和国第十届全国人民代表大会第五次会议于2007年3月16日通过了《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》（以下简称《企业所得税法》）。《企业所得税法》引入了预约定价安排,国家税务总局于2009年1月8日制定了《特别纳税调整实施办法（试行）》（国税发〔2009〕2号,以下简称《办法》）。其中,《办法》就预约定价作了专章规定。《企业所得税法》、《办法》虽然就预约定价作了规定,但仍然存在不少问题。鉴此,有必要从预约定价的概念、性质和作用入手,分析我国推行预约定价的必要性和可行性,从而完善我国的预约定价制度。     

Overview of: “Crime Place and Pollution: Expanding Crime Reduction Options Through a Regulatory Approach”

Research Summary Crime reduction policy has focused almost exclusively on offenders. Recent studies and evaluations show that expanding our policy portfolio to include places may be highly productive. We show that there is considerable research showing that crime is concentrated at a relatively few locations, that high-crime places are stable, that changing places can reduce crime, that displacement is not only far from inevitable but also less likely than the diffusion of crime prevention benefits, and that owners of high-crime places can be held accountable for the criminogenic conditions of their locations. We link these findings to environmental policy, where environmental scientists, economists, and regulators have developed a broad set of regulatory options. The core of this article describes a portfolio of environmental policy instruments directly applicable to crime places. We also discuss major decisions local governments will need to make to implement various forms of regulation, and we list challenges that governments must anticipate in planning for such implementation. We argue that a regulatory approach to crime places has the potential to lower the cost to taxpayers of reducing crime by shifting costs from governments to the relatively few place owners whose actions create crime-facilitating conditions. Policy Implications Taking a regulatory approach to crime places substantially expands the crime policy options under consideration. Regulatory options may increase local governments’ effectiveness at reducing crime while reducing governments’ costs. This is because regulatory approaches have the potential to shift some portion of the financial burden for crime fighting to owners of criminogenic locations. Policy makers can select between means-based anticrime regulations that focus on how place owners manage their locations and ends-based regulations that focus on the number of crimes allowed at places. Both of these approaches contain several alternative regulatory instruments, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Experimenting with various regulatory instruments could lead to the development of a range of new crime reduction policies. In addition, a regulatory approach has implications for the funding of policy research. Means-based regulatory instruments require governments to develop evidence that the means they regulate have the desired impact on crime. Ends-based regulatory instruments shift this burden to the regulated places.     

现代行政法学的建构与政府规制研究的兴起

早期行政法学普遍经历了从行政科学到法律科学的转向,而现代行政法学则从以司法审查为中心转向以行政过程为中心。发韧于20世纪六七十年代的政府规制理论为现代行政法学提供了一个强有力的分析工具,有助于革新传统行政法的概念架构和学理体系,建立起对真实世界行政过程有解释力的现代行政法学体系。     

民事诉讼当事人的不诚信行为及其法律规制

民事诉讼当事人不诚信行为之危害性不可小觑，法律规制措施不健全是该类行为屡禁不绝的重要原因，文章根据几种典型不诚信行为之特点，有针对性地提出了相应的规制措施。     

经济法对宏观调控权的规制——以房地产市场、证券市场调控为例

经济法是国家调节社会经济之法。宏观调控是国家调节三方式之一,宏观调控应以市场调节为基础,需要处理好国家与市场之间的关系,调控措施应当科学、合理。需要依法调控,用法律控制权力,防止滥用宏观调控权损害民众利益。宏观调控包括控制与引导、宏观与微观管理相结合,不能片面理解为"控制"、从紧,也不能把各种行政干预措施都当成宏观调控,借宏观调控之名行行政命令计划管理之实。     

试论商业贿赂行为的立法规范

商业贿赂行为是不正当竞争行为的一种。竞争是市场经济的产物,是市场经济最基本的运行机制,没有竞争就无法实现资源的合理配置,故市场经济是竞争经济。然而,市场本身并不能保证竞争的自由和公平,所以会伴随着不正当竞争行为的出现,商业贿赂行为亦如此。商业贿赂行为扰乱了市场经济秩序,破坏了公平竞争环境,桎梏了市场健康发展。但目前我国法律和行政规章在商业贿赂的立法规范上存在缺失和局限,需要重新审视并作出相应的调整。     

日本公用企业政府规制的借鉴

政府规制对公用企业的影响是全方位的,进一步完善公用企业相关法律法规,重新定位强化政府在规制中的职能,对公用企业开展适度公平有效的竞争。同时,公用企业改革应稳中求变、变中求稳,顺应全球公用企业民营化改革的潮流。     

问题与对策：“刑事和解”制度的实证分析——以和解协议的规制为视角

本文以对刑事和解的实证研究为基础，对实践中存在的刑事和解适用标准不统一、适用率相对较低、适用程序不规范、和解方式单一等问题进行了分析，介绍了针对刑事和解适用范围、刑事和解机构、刑事和解流程等进行的试点改革，并提出了对刑事和解进行规制的建议。