试论辩诉交易制度的正当性

辩诉交易制度是根生于美国并发展壮大的一项简易速决程序，体现了被告人与司法机关合作与认罪换来的法律上的从宽处罚。这种制度可以使被告人尽早地摆脱诉累，也可以最大限度地避免司法资源的浪费。针对我国不同类型的刑事案件，有必要借鉴辩诉交易制度，构建起我国以被告人认罪为基础，范围更广、分类更合理的有层次简易程序体系。     

论口供获取与人权保障

任意性和真实性是口供的两个基本特征.基于对控制犯罪与保障人权的诉讼价值的诉求和对口供特征的尊重,既要首肯侦查人员获取口供的权力,又要通过限制"权力"或扩张"权利",寻求刑事诉讼双重价值的平衡.口供作为追诉犯罪的重要裁判证据,在侦查程序中的获取具有社会安全秩序意义上的该当性,但考虑到口供获取过程的特殊性,遵循正当程序的要求,则当对口供获取的原则、方式、时间、地点、程序等予以全面规制.在法治的视野下,沉默权是讯问制度中犯罪嫌疑人应当享有的重要权利,辩诉交易则又是犯罪嫌疑人打破沉默、自愿供述的激励机制.一套完整的侦查程序中口供获取与人权保护的法制体系,有待于我们在刑事诉讼法之再修改时予以构建.     

证券商"全权委托"制度探讨

我国修订前后的《证券法》都严格禁止证券商接受客户的全权委托.这一规定固然有其法理依据,但从意思自治原则出发、参照国外的证券交易立法并结合我国国情来看,应予解禁.在加强规制的前提下,开放全权委托业务,利大于弊.     

Backing Out or Backing In? Commitment and Consistency in Audience Costs Theory

Audience costs theory posits that domestic publics punish leaders for making an external threat and then backing down. One key mechanism driving this punishment involves the value the public places on consistency between their leaders’ statements and actions. If true, this mechanism should operate not only when leaders fail to implement threats, but also when they fail to honor promises to stay out of a conflict. We use a survey experiment to examine domestic responses to the president's decision to “back down” from public threats and “back into” foreign conflicts. We find the president loses support in both cases, but suffers more for “backing out” than “backing in.” These differential consequences are partially explained by asymmetries in the public's treatment of new information. Our findings strongly suggest that concerns over consistency undergird audience costs theory and that punishment for inconsistency will be incurred, regardless of the leader's initial policy course.     

Employee ownership and union labor: the case of United Steel Workers of America

Union–management relations in the U.S. are best described as adversarial. However, under certain circumstances, they can become cooperative. One example of the latter was the role of trade unions in the conversion of firms to employee ownership. Firm ownership (entrepreneurship, capitalism) by employees has increased in recent years. Specifically, we focus on the use of ‘investment bargaining’ (i.e. buyouts using ESOPs) by the United Steelworkers of America during the decades of the 1980s and 1990s as the steel industry faced serious declines. This study applies some basic union–management bargaining frameworks for examining both primary (e.g. case studies) and secondary data to demonstrate that the USW’s adoption of investment bargaining is consistent with their pragmatic approach in preserving the employment of their members. The impact and the implications of the union’s efforts in this area as well as the future role of unions in employee buyouts are also discussed.     

集体协商制度效果分析——以浙江省企业职工抽样调查为例

通过对建立集体协商制度与未建立集体协商制度企业职工的问卷统计比较分析可以得出结论：在就业稳定性、劳动者话语权、劳动条件改善、工资收入状况、企业管理改进、对政府评价等指标上，建立集体协商制度的企业均优于未建立集体协商制度的企业。     

辩诉交易制度移植之障碍

辩诉交易制度源自美国，这一制度对节约美国的司法资源，提高刑事司法制度的营运效率起到了积极的作用。辩诉交易制度能产生于美国，并能在美国经久不衰有其自身特有的运行环境，我国要想移植这一制度存在着许多的障碍。     

建立控辩协商程序与完善检察官自由裁量权

在未来《刑事诉讼法》的修订中,借鉴外域“辩诉交易”制度,建立起具有中国特色的“控辩协商”程序,已经得到学界和司法实务界的认可。“控辩协商”程序的设立和运行与检察官自由裁量权的行使具有不可分割的关系,应该以外域实施辩诉交易制度需要的检察官自由裁量权为参照系,进一步丰富和完善我国检察机关自由裁量权的内容,为建立和实施控辩协商程序提供制度上的支持。     

我国实施诉辩交易制度的探索

诉辩交易制度在美国等国家的司法程序中被普遍采用。我国能否采用这一司法制度曾引起广泛的关注,褒贬不一。但诉辩交易在中国现阶段确实有其存在的合理性和必要性,只要对其进行合理的“扬弃”,使其适合我国国情,与我国基本法律制度融为一体,对促进司法公正和司法效率必然具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。     

Globalisation and the (Non‐) defence of the welfare state

This article explores the relationship between globalisation and the development of the British and Norwegian welfare states. Focusing on the welfare state policies of the British and Norwegian labour parties and their relationships to the European Union (an important indicator of the impact of globalisation on West European nation‐states), it argues that despite the growing importance of global dynamics and pressures, national‐level forces were the predominate factors in the development of the British and Norwegian welfare states and relations to the EU in the 1980s and 1990s. Consequently, globalisation does not lead to welfare state convergence, but to divergence, interwoven with national‐level dynamics.