受贿罪相关问题探析——以受贿罪的交易性本质为视角

受贿罪的本质在于行贿方与受贿方之间的交易性.从交易性的本质出发,只要具有一般性和经常性权钱交易条件的主体都可以构成受贿罪;"利用职务上的便利"是指受贿人本人拥有的对行贿人利益予以制约并可以交易的一种社会关系;"为他人谋取利益"作为客观要件,是交易性内容的应有之义,在构成要件中应该删去:贿赂的内容,包括非财产性利益在内的所有不正当利益.     

Toward a Comparative Economics of Plea Bargaining

We attempt to open a path to the comparative analysis of criminal procedure by superimposing the efficiency principle onto an adversarial system characterized by an aversion to false convictions and an inquisitorial system characterized by a desire to justly punish the guilty. We begin with a general model of plea bargaining, embed it in a larger framework that addresses the costs of adjudication, the value of punishing the guilty and the costs of false convictions, and then link the desirability of plea bargaining and compulsory prosecution to the weights given these costs and benefits in the objective function. We examine the judicial endorsement of plea bargaining in the United States and the debate over European analogs to plea bargaining in light of the model, and conclude that plea bargaining will increase social welfare in adversarial systems but not in inquisitorial ones.     

辩诉交易中国化应予缓行——以契约观为视野

契约观念是辩诉交易制度生成与发展的文化基础,是这一制度在争议不断的责难声中仍然弥久不衰的内在动力。只有在弘扬契约精神、尊重社会价值多元化的国度,才能培育和支持辩诉交易制度的运行。从契约观的视角不难看出,辩诉交易中国化应予缓行;其在中国的移植与引进,当须诸方面促就国人契约观念之积淀。     

Unanimity and exposure in the EU Council of Ministers – or how the Dutch won and lost the ICTY debate

How are unanimity negotiations commonly settled in the EU Council of Ministers? Important contributions have been made to our understanding of the ‘consensual’ decision‐making dynamics in the Council, but most studies focus on explaining the sheer absence of votes in legislative decision making under the qualified majority rule. This study seeks to explain how vetoes are averted, or curtailed, in unanimity decision making. These unanimity negotiations are explained as attempts to induce or prevent high‐level exposure. The degree of exposure in turn depends on the degree of lower level contestation. A process tracing analysis of one prolonged debate is performed from the perspective of one Member State – the Netherlands – which played a very prominent obstructing role. By analysing when, why and where (at what level) the Dutch won or lost, one can come closer to understanding the dynamic interplay between the different Council levels.     

Unintended Consequences: Implications of the 2014 Australian Defence Force Pay Deal

The Workplace Remuneration Arrangement agreed between the Australian Government and the Australian Defence Force (ADF) provides for a 4.5% pay over 3 years for ADF personnel. This article makes use of the concept of the psychological contract to argue that this pay deal represents a breach of the Australian Government's obligations towards ADF personnel that is likely to have unintended consequences for their long‐term commitment to their ADF careers.     

行政救济程序中建立行政协调机制之研究

我国行政复议及行政诉讼的救济程序中存在着当事人不能和解的制度缺陷,导致很多案件在缺少法律监督的情况下案外和解,因此,行政救济程序中有必要建立行政协调机制.此制度的设计是在我国调解制度的基础上,并借鉴国外的诉辩交易及ADR机制提出的,有其存在的理论依据和实践基础.该机制的建立有利于和谐社会的建构,以及实现行政纠纷解决机制的多元化.     

Does Terrorism Pay? An Empirical Analysis

Does terrorism help perpetrators to achieve their demands? Few research questions about terrorism generate as much controversy. This study contributes to the debate in two main ways. First, we identify major limitations within the burgeoning literature on the effectiveness of terrorism. Specifically, we highlight the main methodological problems vexing empirical assessments of whether terrorism promotes government concessions. Second, we present a research design that circumvents those recurrent methodological shortcomings. In short, we find no empirical evidence to suggest that terrorism pays. In fact, multiple variants of the tactic in hostage standoffs impede the perpetrators from coercing government compliance. The negative effect of terrorism on the odds of compliance is significant and substantial across logistic and multilevel logistic model specifications, particularly when civilians are killed or wounded in the coercive incident. These findings have important implications for both scholars and practitioners of counterterrorism.     

Measuring and Explaining Charge Bargaining

Charge bargaining is a potentially important form of discretion in criminal sentencing that is obscured in many studies of sentencing outcomes. Our procedure to measure the difference in sentencing outcomes caused by plea bargain emphasizes the amount, in months, that the sentence length is reduced. Using this measure, we compare prosecutorial discretion across counties in two different states. We conclude that charge bargaining plays an empirically important role in determining sentencing outcomes. Furthermore, we find that measuring the distance (in months of prison time) moved during a charge bargain may provide a very different estimate of the discretion than is given by the rate of bargaining, which is the usual measure used. Although the rate of charge bargaining was higher in the voluntary guidelines state, its impact on sentences was greater in the presumptive guidelines jurisdiction, as predicted by Reitz (1998). We further observe a dramatic difference in predictions from shifting the case characteristics underlying the summary measure. This result reveals that distributional differences (either due to the underlying criminal activity or due to the overall level of severity of punishment) can easily obscure the inferences necessary for understanding the operation of the systems. Our finding of differential charge bargaining in these two jurisdictions should provide a caution when comparing the results of studies of disparity in sentencing across jurisdiction types.

关于集体协商中强制性行政规范的设定问题

通过在地方性法规和行政规章中设置约束性惩戒性的行政规范,难以解决集体协商中拒绝或拖延集体协商问题,也不利于集体劳动关系的和谐稳定及健康发展。完善规范建立在“劳工三权”基础上的集体协商机制,利用市场机制和法律制度,协调劳动关系主体相互间的利益关系,化解矛盾冲突,这不仅是劳动者与工会的最佳选择,也应当是政府确立和发展和谐稳定劳动关系的途径和目标。