从《普通教育学》探寻赫尔巴特的师生观

赫尔巴特作为一位著名的教育家，其教育教学思想非常丰富。本文从赫尔巴特的代表作《普通教育学》出发，围绕其中管理、教学和训育三大核心问题进行探讨，展示和分析赫尔巴特关于师生观的论述，全面、客观地探寻其师生观，以期使人们能够更加清楚地了解和认识赫尔巴特师生观的主要内容及其现实意义。     

East Asians’ Social Heterogeneity: Differences in Norms among Chinese,Japanese, and Korean Negotiators

East Asian cultures are widely held to be fairly homogeneous in that they highly value harmonious social relationships. We propose, however, that the focus (dyadic versus group) and the nature (emotional versus instrumental) of social relations vary among the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean cultures in ways that have important implications for the negotiation tactics typically employed by managers from these three cultures. Our data are from a web survey administered to three hundred eighty‐eight managers from China, Japan, and South Korea. In this article, we discuss how the differences in the focus and the nature of business relationships in China, Japan, and Korea are manifested in the different norms for negotiation tactics endorsed by managers from these three countries.     

假设的因果关系

假设的因果关系肇始于不作为犯中不作为的原因力的解释。学界在对因果关系做一般性的论述中否定了假设的因果关系,但基于刑法目的性,在不作为犯的场合肯定了假设的因果关系。     

论马克思恩格斯的公平思想

公平是具体的,而不是抽象的,它是在人类社会历史发展中产生的。它作为一种主观价值评判,是对现存经济关系的反映。因此,要实现真正意义上的公平,必须从根本上消灭阶级和阶级差别。同时,公平的实现需要发挥社会调剂功能。在当今中国,公平观应该而且必须与我国现实生产力、生产关系的发展相适应,它的科学性合理性依赖于制度的建设和法规的完善,我们要学会运用马克思主义历史唯物主义的方法论和原则去研究分析公平问题。     

TOUGH LOVE? CRIME AND PARENTAL ASSISTANCE IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD*

Although informal social reactions to crime are key to many criminological theories, we know little about how readily offenders’ significant others reject and withdraw support from them. I explore the limits of others’ willingness to help offenders by studying parents’ financial assistance of grown offending and nonoffending offspring. I use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and from the 1997 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to show that, despite their strained relationships with their parents, young adult offenders receive more parental assistance than do their nonoffending peers and even their own nonoffending siblings. This is not because offenders have fewer financial resources, but it is partly because they tend to have a variety of other life circumstances that trigger parental assistance. I suggest that parents’ reactions to offending offspring are limited by role obligations and norms of familial duty.     

The Dynamics of Staying and Leaving: Implications for Battered Women’s Emotional Well-Being and Experiences of Violence at the End of a Year

Much of the discourse on intimate partner violence assumes that women must end their relationship with their abusive partner to increase their safety and emotional well-being. Few studies, however, exist to support this assumption. Equally problematic, those studies that do exist have failed to distinguish women who leave and stay out from those who leave only to later return. Comparing emotional well-being and experiences of violence for 206 low-income, primarily Black battered women following different relationship trajectories, this longitudinal study found that women both separated from and together with their partner for the entire year of the study fared best at the end of that year compared to women “in” and “out” of the relationship over time. Beyond challenging common assumptions, these findings highlight the importance of considering the larger context within which an individual instance of leaving occurs.

传统节日节物的性别修辞与符号指述关系研究——以"端午索"为例

中国传统节日节物是节日文化的物质载体,也是人类"意义生产"的特殊载体.节俗活动和节物也可看成主体的一种"言说"行为,具有一定的修辞功能.端午节历史上一个重要节物--"端午索"就极具性别修辞意义和符号指述关系.社会生产和分工是端午索确立女性修辞的技术基础和物质前提.端午索的修辞意义及其指述关系大致可分为夫妻指向的符号意义和母子关系的符号意义.这两种修辞意义及其指述关系既存在共同点,又具有差异性.深入研究包括端午索在内的众多传统节日节物的性别修辞与符号指述关系,对当今继承和发扬传统节日文化具有十分重要的现实意义.     

中央与地方政府间关系的司法调节

中央和地方政府间结构关系主要有两种模式 :相互控制和重叠统治。相互控制模式的设计使得各级政府在组成、立法和执行上相互依赖 ,通过立法、行政过程中的体制保障机制来协调政府间的关系。这种方式有诸多弊端。用司法方式调节中央和地方政府关系 ,通过裁决个别纠纷 ,可以间接协调政府间关系 ,其方式有不为人注意的重大好处。中央与地方关系难题的治本之策是吸收重叠统治模式的优点并建立真正意义上的司法权。     

试析闽台庙际关系的多重形式

当前,闽台宫庙之间的交往呈现出多样化的特征,既有祖庙和分灵宫庙之间的"分灵—进香—巡游"关系,同祀宫庙之间的联谊关系,地缘宫庙之间的交陪关系,也有某种特殊缘分导致的交往关系。首先,闽台庙际交往的多重形式是闽台民众在边陲环境下模仿中华主流文化的过程中逐渐形成的,它使得中华主流文化在闽台地区流传不息;其次,闽台庙际关系是通过人与人之间的交往实现的,庙际关系的多重性实际上反映的是闽台民众交往的频密性;再次,庙际关系网能够带来社会资本的生产,闽台庙际关系的多重形式在一定程度上也是宫庙积极投资关系网的行为促成的。     

和谐性别关系应具特征及其培育

人类关系的和谐有利于社会的和谐,而两性关系是否和谐对建构和谐社会具有举足轻重的作用。新型的男女相互依存、和睦相处、共同发展的性别关系具有差异性与非对抗性、平等性与公正性、互补性与共赢性、社会资本与社会资源性等特征。培育和谐的性别关系必须弘扬先进的性别文化,加大法律创新的力度,提升妇联组织的作为,加强两性主体的协作能力,这样才能使和谐性别关系的建构成为政府的目标和社会共同的行动。