当代女大学生婚恋观浅析

当前女大学生的婚恋观呈现出恋爱目的多样化;婚姻与事业并重;对网恋、网上征婚途径的认可;择偶标准多元化;性观念开放与保守并存等特点。女大学生婚恋观的现状是与社会变革、就业、网络文化、传统与现代的碰撞分不开的。因此,我们要采取多样化的婚恋观教育方式,引导女大学生树立正确的婚恋观,在提高思想道德修养课程中婚恋观教育的实效性的同时,还要注重发挥学校、家庭、社会的综合教育作用。     

Beyond the Visible Pattern: Historical Particularities,Development, and Age at First Marriage in Transylvania, 1850–1914

The present study focused on age at first marriage in Transylvania between 1850 and 1914, a time of both social-economic change and resilient historically entrenched particularities. Based on data extracted from the Historical Population Database of Transylvania we constructed an extensive sample from settlements with a broad range of social-economic characteristics, which allowed for a comparative view into the influence of various factors on marriage timing. We examined in this sense both individual-level co-variates, such as denominational affiliation, migration background, and social-occupational status, as well as broader factors, such as the development level attained by certain settlements and the time frame. We found that the area level of development measured according to a heuristic index was in many cases more decisive than individual characteristics in shaping individuals’ constraints and opportunities on the marriage market. More significantly, the analysis showed that the ways in which the development level worked to transform marriage timing for both men and women could be explained by historically entrenched differences and specificities. At the same time, these patterns in age at first marriage, given by factors such as denomination, might be the result of other largely still invisible factors, for which the variables used are merely imperfect proxies.     

The forming and fracturing of families on a South Carolina rice plantation, 1812–1865

This case study traces family formation among enslaved people on a South Carolina rice plantation owned by Charles Cotesworth Pinckney in the first half of the nineteenth century. It uses a rare set of documents to show how enslaved people were brought together mainly via inheritance (rather than purchase) to form a new community, and how they responded to frequent mobility within the holdings of a single planter. It also highlights the peculiar challenges to stable family formation that were unique to the South Carolina lowcountry, including individuals being separated from the main body of the community for periods of time while working on other holdings; the presence of a higher percentage of African-born individuals than was usual for the antebellum South; and the devastating impact of the highest mortality experienced by a mainland slave population.     

家务补偿制度的立法完善

我国婚姻法规定的家务补偿制度虽然对于解决司法实践中存在的付出较多家务劳动的夫妻一方在离婚时不能在经济上获得合理评价的问题,填补法律空白,具有一定的积极意义,但这一规定仍然在适用范围、适用根据、适用形式和适用限制等方面存在缺陷。在修正婚姻法时,应当在以下四个方面予以完善:在适用范围方面,应当将家务补偿的适用范围扩展至夫妻共同财产制场合;在适用根据方面,应当明确规定适用家务补偿应当考虑的事实因素;在适用形式方面,应当规定法院可以根据义务人的经济状况做出一次性给付或分期给付的判决,但分期给付的,权利人有权要求义务人提供一定的担保;在适用限制上,应当规定通过共同财产的分割已使权利人获得适当补偿的,其请求权减少或丧失。     

婚内所得知识产权的财产期待权之归属探讨——兼谈对《婚姻家庭法》(1999年法学专家建议稿)的修改建议

夫妻一方婚姻期间所得知识产权的财产期待权 ,应当归属夫妻双方共同所有 ,才符合我国《婚姻法》规定的精神 ,才能公平地维护夫妻双方的合法权益。建议借鉴外国立法、司法经验 ,对《婚姻家庭法》(1 999年法学专家建议稿 )进行修改 ,将夫妻一方婚内所得知识产权的财产期待权、领取退休金的预期利益等纳入夫妻共同财产的范围。     

册亨县者述村布依族婚姻习惯法研究

册亨县是贵州全省最集中的布依族聚居县,也是最偏远的县份之一。由于特殊的地理环境和历史背景,一些布依族村寨较好地保留了原始习惯法文化。保留得最好,能够形成完整系统的最典型习惯法制度就是当地的婚姻制度。历史上传承下来的形式婚制度与国家法多元并存,仍然发挥着重要的作用。     

解析全球化背景下的伊斯兰文化安全

全球化时代,伊斯兰世界由于在文化、意识形态、社会制度、国家利益等诸多方面与西方发达国家存在着明显分歧,因此伊斯兰文化安全面临严峻挑战,如何应对挑战成为伊斯兰世界的当务之急。伊斯兰世界对此作出一系列回应,认为文化安全就是文化特质的保持和延续,而民族文化安全就是一个民族现存文化特质的保持和延续。为了适应全球化时代的挑战,伊斯兰文化正按照自己的特点和需要逐渐进行改革。     

美国K类签证对中国立法的启迪

美国K类签证,又称外籍公民入境与美国公民结婚的一种签证。由于K类签证拒签率较低,对申请人的语言要求不高,已经成为美国公民的外籍配偶合法移民的重要途径。鉴于越来越多的发展中国家公民试图通过涉外婚姻而达到移居发达国家的目的,因此出入境管理部门及普通百姓了解K类签证的申请程序,有助于中国研究制定相应的立法对策。     

Minimal democratic audit of Islamic and other identitarian regimes

Empirical evidence overwhelmingly shows that democracy in Muslim societies is poorly institutionalized. Many scholars of democratization studies critique that the methodology of Western institutions that audit democracy and freedoms worldwide employs normative metrics which are insensitive to cultural particularisms and thus biased. This paper presents a minimal framework for democratic audit of electoral Islamic regimes that while being normative, answers to this criticism. It is also shown to be in the self-interest of modernizing elites in such regimes. This framework is premised on the transference of the burden of legitimacy from ‘majority consent’ to ‘minority concern’ by basing itself on the substantive ‘political equality’ proviso of Dahl. This is achieved without constraining the democratic capacity of the majority. Structured as a guarantee of rights and two guarantees of justice in a system of fairness, the framework can be used for democratic audit of a much larger set of electoral regimes.     

Wolves in sheep clothing or victims of times? Discussing the immoderation of incumbent Islamic parties in Turkey,Egypt, Morocco,and Tunisia

This article discusses the “immoderation” of incumbent Islamic parties – defined by the pursuit of a moral agenda and by an unwillingness to compromise with the opposition – through a comparative study of four incumbent Islamic parties in the socio-politically different regimes of Turkey, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. Building on literature from religion and politics, social psychology, sociology of religion, and on the inclusion-moderation hypothesis, this study argues that (1) Islamic parties’ strong organizations resulted both in their success and in the absence of internal pluralism and that (2) their dominant status in the party system consolidated their majoritarian understanding of democracy. Through its discussion of “immoderation” this study aims to contribute to the interdisciplinary literature on religion and politics.