刑事政策视野中的婚内强奸犯罪化

本文评析了婚内强奸犯罪化的学术之争 ,对婚内强奸进行了刑事政策分析 ,设计了婚内强奸的刑事政策反应体系 ,主张对婚内强奸提高刑法反应的门槛、降低刑法反应强度 ,并通过“适用解释上的犯罪化”而非“立法上的犯罪化”的方式 ,对分居或诉请离婚期间发生的婚内强奸行为予以犯罪化。     

婚姻、同居、生活伴侣辨析

当代社会婚姻的主流主体是一男一女的结合,但不是唯一主体。婚姻当事人是生活伴侣,必然同居,这是婚姻内在的本质要求。异性婚姻仍然是一种与人类社会共存亡的身份形态,值得倍加遵从与推崇。生活伴侣是一种有别于婚姻及单纯意义上的同居,而为法律认可的身份关系,同居也是其内在的本质要求。为法律认可的生活伴侣或同性婚姻,我们只能以待异性婚姻一样的视角“平等”待之。与受法律认可的婚姻或生活伴侣无关的同居:一是违法同居,不予以法律保护;二是理论上认可的合法同居,依据契约身份关系及现代民法的基本原则予以保护。     

宗法宗族制度下明清时期的妇女婚姻生活

明清时期,宗法宗族制度对妇女婚姻生活的消极作用比较大,主要在婚前剥夺女子受教育权利;婚约的缔结主要从宗族利益考虑;婚后生活受到夫权、族权的严格控制;强迫妇女守节等方面有所表现.积极作用主要表现为提倡男婚女嫁轻钱财,重人品;反对索取重聘厚奁,嫌贫易富,操办奢靡,讲求排场等陋俗;严禁溺杀女婴.     

农村女性婚姻迁移者社区融合的基本状况及影响因素探析--基于1011名调查对象数据的实证分析

使用自行编制的“农村女性婚姻迁移者社区融合调查问卷”对1011名农村女性婚姻迁移者进行测量的数据分析结果显示，农村女性婚姻迁移者的社区融合没有达到较好水平；影响农村女性婚姻迁移者心理融合的因素呈现多样性，目前是否在工作、房子类型、公婆是否同意外娶、婚龄、城乡、是否适应迁入地自然环境、是否了解丈夫家庭、迁移是否有遗憾、是否考虑到迁移困难、是否有困难、面对困难是否积极、回娘家情况、娘家人来婆家情况、迁入地是否有朋友等因素对农村女性婚姻迁移者社区融合有显著性影响。应从多方面提升农村女性婚姻迁移者的社区融合水平。     

Reconocimiento del matrimonio religioso contraído en el extranjero (perspectiva mexicana)

The author presents the legal and doctrinal decisions about religious marriage recognition abroad. He finds that the “form” (the qualification) has not been the instrument to recognize the marriage. It is questionable whether that marriage in Mexico is a problem of form.     

TALIBANIZATION OF THE ISLAMIC STATE AND THE QUEST FOR RETROSPECTIVE LEGITIMACY

This paper develops the notion of ‘Talibanization’ – a concept which stems from the resilience and the determination of the Taliban to remain a dominant player in Afghanistan even after the downfall of their state in 2001. The factors that helped the Taliban to maintain their influence after the disintegration of their state constitute a pattern which could be applied to other conflict-driven areas such as Syria. By critically examining the socio-political conditions in the Syrian district of Jarablus, this paper demonstrates the ways in which the inept post-IS administration is inadvertently helping IS to gain what we call ‘retrospective legitimacy’ a drive which could sustain its influence for many years following its downfall.     

个人职业信誉的婚姻财产归属论

商誉作为财产类型的一种,无论在学术界,还是在司法实践界都已基本达成一致意见。但是与之类似的个人职业信誉是否应该单独地予以界定为财产,从而在婚姻关系破裂时,将其作为夫妻共同财产进行分割,这应该说是一个富有争议的课题。婚姻应为夫妻双方分工合作,互惠共享的一个共同体,婚姻的这种性质决定了个人职业信誉界定为夫妻共同财产的必要性和可能性。     

Translation and ideology

This article attempts to investigate, in depth, the concept of ideology in translation. That is to say, the extent to which ideology can influence the translator's style and choice of words that will, consequently, shape the receivers’ worldviews. In recent years the issue of ideological leanings and the implications of ideology on translation have received particular attention. Owing to the importance of this issue of ideology, and as an example of the issues that both the translating practitioner and theorist must deal with, this article provides a detailed, comparative analysis of a translation of the first, formal speech delivered by bin Laden on 7 October 2001 concerning the events of September 11 and his conflict with the United States. The analysis assesses the probability of a translator's ideological intervention in the text and other technical, linguistic problems.     

Ideological Reorientation and Counterterrorism: Confronting Militant Islam in Egypt

During the 1990s, Egypt fought a bitter campaign against militant Islamist groups in which over a thousand people died. Since the end of the insurgency in 1997, Egypt's two fiercest Islamic terrorist groups, first the Islamic Group (Al-Gama‘a Al-Islamiyya) and then Islamic Jihad, not only ceased their violent activities but also produced and published texts revising their religious beliefs on the use of violence. Based on the counterterrorism experience of Egypt, this paper defines and describes a counterterrorism strategy of ideological reorientation. We define ideological reorientation as a counterterrorism approach that seeks to change core ideological or religious beliefs of the terrorist group, thus bringing the beliefs of group members in line with societal norms. While we cannot causally attribute the groups' decisions to lay down arms to ideological reorientation versus other regime actions (like repression), the Egyptian experience is highly suggestive. First, it indicates that the ideology of religiously-based groups is not exogenous and fixed, as is often assumed, but rather endogenous and flexible. Second, the Egyptian experience suggests that ideological reorientation may be more effective at stemming militancy in the long run compared to rival approaches.     

Universal soldiers or parochial actors: Understanding jihadists as products of their environments

ABSTRACT

Why did the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS) and Jabhat al-Nusra (JN)—two groups that shared similar ideological preferences and were both initially part of the Al Qaeda network—take different paths in the Syrian conflict? Part of the answer lies in the fact that JN is primarily a Syrian organization, whereas Iraqis lead ISIS. A jihadist group’s relationship to its country of origin and domicile (the two are not always the same) helps to explain that organization’s ideological preferences and alliance behavior. Yet no method of categorization based on jihadist-state relations exists. I fill this gap by theorizing an explanatory typology based on a jihadist group’s relationship with its country of origin and/or domicile. This typology consists of two tiers. The first classifies jihadist organizations based on whether they are nationally homogeneous or heterogeneous, and whether they are based in their country of origin, exile, or multiple locations. The second tier categorizes groups based on the nature of their engagement—collaborative, belligerent, or neutral—with a state. This new typology enables the generation of multiple hypotheses and has practical implications given that most U.S. counterterrorism efforts require cooperation from partner nations.