BREAKING UP IS HARD TO DO: ROMANTIC DISSOLUTION,OFFENDING, AND SUBSTANCE USE DURING THE TRANSITION TO ADULTHOOD*

Recent studies have directed attention to the nature of romantic involvement and its implications for offending over the life course. However, this body of research has overlooked a defining aspect of nonmarital romantic relationships: Most come to an end. By drawing on insights from general strain theory, the age‐graded theory of informal social control, and research on delinquent peer exposure, we explore the impact of romantic dissolution on offending and substance use during late adolescence and emerging adulthood. Using data from the 1997 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we arrive at three general conclusions: 1) Experiencing a breakup is directly related to a range of antisocial outcomes; 2) the effect of a breakup is dependent on post‐breakup relationship transitions; and 3) a breakup is associated with increases in offending and substance use among males and in substance use among females. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our findings for the future of research on romantic involvement and crime over the life course.     

试论我国农村集体建设用地使用权的流转

农村集体建设用地使用权的流转是理论界和实务界长期关注的焦点问题,本文从农村集体建设用地使用权流转的现状入手,简要分析了我国现行法律禁止农村集体建设用地使用权进入土地交易一级市场流转的弊端,最后结合民法价值判断问题的实体性论证规则论证了允许农村集体建设用地使用权依法自由流转的正当性。     

公建配套地下车库的法律性质及其权属认定的变化——以“今天花园”地下车库纠纷为例

《物权法》的实施导致地下车库法律性质和地位的变化,也改变了其权利归属认定的逻辑前提。《物权法》实施前,地下车库必须依附于物业小区的宗地使用权,没有独立存在的基础,只能为区分所有建筑物的附属物。交易中未约定时,其权属随商品房的移转而一并移转;《物权法》实施后,借助于土地的分层利用制度,地下车库成为可独立交易物,由此为开发商保留地下车库所有权提供了可能,就其所有权取得无特别约定时,地下车库仍为其初始权利人———开发商所有。因此《物权法》颁布前后,有关地下车库权属判断的衔接问题尤为凸显。     

宅基地管理与物权法的适用限度

对土地管理制度的既有讨论,通常是从宪法第10条出发,没有考虑宪法第6条对"生产资料的社会主义公有制"的规定,将"国家所有"与"集体所有"片面理解为民法所有权而忽视其所有制内涵。物权制度是所有制关系的法律反映,"生产资料的社会主义公有制"是超越新中国历部宪法和其它具体法律的基本宪法原则,运用物权规则完善宅基地管理制度,需以公有制为大前提。忽视公有制前提的物权化改革建议,陷入"私法‘宪法中立",的认识误区,加上对宅基地经济社会属性的误会,所提出的改革方案缺乏法理与现实依据。现有制度在实现社会财富公平分配、公共资源有效管理和农民权利保护等方面基本有效,下一步改革只需做局部调整而无需全盘重建。     

征收制度的调整及体系效应

按照我国现行法,若在集体所有的土地上进行商业开发建设,不得由集体土地所有权人直接与用地者签订合同,设立集体建设用地使用权,而必须先将集体所有的土地征收为国有,而后由国土资源主管机关将国有建设用地使用权出让给用地者。对此制度实施改革之后,征收制度至少在其适用范围方面应当调整。集体建设用地用于商业目的的,不再适用征收制度;集体经济组织可以直接与用地者签订集体建设用地使用权出让合同,创设集体建设用地使用权。这会使得存在于集体土地上的他物权以及住宅、厂房、办公用房的所有权,在消灭途径及方式方面发生变化。用地者对集体土地所有权人应支付足额对价,对于因集体建设用地使用权出让而终止的土地承包经营权、有偿取得的宅基地使用权、原集体建设用地使用权,也要足额补偿。     

The nature of police involvement in mental health transfers

During the course of their duties, police regularly have contact with mentally ill persons who are experiencing psychiatric crisis and require some form of mental health transfer. This study examined 2611 unique mental health transfers completed by police in the Australian state of Victoria over an eight-month period in 2009–2010. The overwhelming majority of mental health transfers performed by police during this period were the result of unplanned calls for assistance. Although police frequently requested assistance from other services, these were often not available. The study findings support a substantial body of anecdotal evidence from police citing lengthy involvement with people experiencing mentally illness, with the average mental health transfer consuming 2.5?h of police time. The frontline responses of police to people in psychiatric crisis need to be more formally acknowledged and creative solutions need to be sought with health and welfare services to better meet the needs of those who are falling between the cracks of community mental health care services.     

REVISITING “WHAT THEY THINK”: ADOLESCENT DRINKING AND THE IMPORTANCE OF PEER BELIEFS

The association between delinquent peers and delinquent behavior is among the most consistent findings in the criminological literature, and several recent studies have raised the standards for determining the nature and extent of peer influence. Despite these advances, however, key questions about how deviant behavior is socially transmitted remain unresolved. In particular, much of the research examining peer influence has been limited to peer behavior, despite a rich literature supporting the salience of beliefs, such as expectations and moral approval, in shaping behaviors. In the current study, I model the peer influence and selection processes with longitudinal social network analysis to reexamine the contributions of peer beliefs and behaviors to adolescent drinking. I find evidence that beliefs related to peer drinking have both a direct and an indirect impact on behavior and play an important role in the friendship selection process. These results highlight the importance of understanding how peers influence deviant behavior and suggest that peer beliefs are an important part of this relationship.     

Probable posttraumatic stress disorder in a sample of urban jail detainees

This study examined the nature and extent of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among men in a substance abuse treatment program in a large urban jail. Specifically, it explored the prevalence of probable PTSD and other psychiatric problems among jail detainees, the types of trauma detainees experienced during different phases of their lives, and how those experiences might have contributed to the development of probable PTSD. Results showed that psychiatric problems were quite serious; nearly one-quarter of the sample reported previous psychiatric hospitalization, and nearly 10% were being currently treated with psychiatric medication. In addition, 21% of the sample met the criteria for probable PTSD, a rate five times greater than that in the general population. The current study suggests that the presence of probable PTSD among male detainees should be incorporated into the creation and implementation of jail-based behavioral healthcare services, including screening, assessment, and clinical interventions. Furthermore, in-custody drug treatment programs should adopt trauma-informed strategies for all program participants as the expected standard of care.     

形象权转换性使用规则研究

未经许可借用他人形象制作虚拟人物角色和动漫表情包的现象越来越普遍,应该完全保护个人的肖像权还是为公众自由创作虚拟人物形象和表情包留出空间值得思考。形象权制度下的一系列判例借用版权合理使用制度中的转换性使用规则平衡形象权保护和公众的表达自由,能为如何平衡个人的肖像保护和公众的参与创作和表达带来借鉴。本文通过分析转换性使用规则在形象权案例中的运用,提出应调整转换性使用规则以增强适用该规则判定形象权案例的稳定性。     

部门联合立法的规范化问题研究

两个或两个以上国务院部门联合立法,已经成为我国行政立法实践中的一种惯常立法形式,在实现法律、行政法规的精细化和可操作性方面发挥了重大作用。与单个部门立法相比,部门联合立法的功能主要体现为实现部门“条条”之间的立法权责整合、防止多部门职责交叉领域立法的碎片化和部门本位主义、提升部门立法的公正性与效率性、节约行政立法成本和减少部门立法冲突、为制定行政法规进行先行制度实验等诸多方面。在部门联合立法的过程中,难免会出现各种部门权限冲突与利益协调的难题。为推进部门联合立法的规范化治理,应当对部门联合立法的时机选择、事项范围、效力等级、立法主体关系以及备案审查等方面进行充分的制度分析与研究。