Police use of force: an examination of the minority threat perspective

The minority threat perspective suggests that the criminal justice system may be one mechanism through which the majority group (i.e. Whites) maintains control of culturally dissimilar minority groups. Although numerous studies have examined the relationship between minority representation and various policing outcomes, few have extended this research to police use of force in the context of stop-and-frisk practices. Using stop, question, and frisk data from the New York Police Department, this study examines (1) whether racial and ethnic composition influences police use of force, and (2) whether an individual’s race/ethnicity interacts with the racial/ethnic composition of a police precinct to produce disparities in police use of force. The results provide partial support for the minority threat perspective.     

Improving the quality of drug court clinical screening: a call for performance measurement policy reform

Despite the widespread use of the drug court model, standardized performance measures for drug courts are not uniformly utilized, and rarely include process measures. To ensure that drug courts are being implemented in the most effective manner, the use of performance measurement tools should be considered for wide scale adoption. Drug court effectiveness is moderated by participant characteristics, and is most effective for individuals with the highest substance use needs. Therefore, having quality clinical screening processes is crucial to ensuring that drug courts are serving the population for which they are effective. This paper examines clinical screening in drug courts, to answer the following 1) what is the current state of screening, 2) what works, and 3) why measurement matters. It also proposes a clinical screening performance measure to improve fidelity and ensure appropriate participant enrollment. The creation of a performance measure would create opportunities to improve drug court outcomes, and leverage pay-for-performance models.     

Complaint reduction in Australian federal policing in the Australian Capital Territory

Across fifteen years to 2015–2016 the rate of public complaints against police in the Australian Capital Territory fell by an extraordinary 79%. This was a much larger and longer-term reduction in complaints than occurred anywhere else in Australia, and it is very unusual in the international policing literature. The paper attempts to examine the nature of this change in greater detail, and possible factors that may have influenced the change. Unlike some other studies, however, there was limited evidence of specific point-in-time innovations that may have affected the trend. Nonetheless, it is likely that a range of reforms in policing influenced the change, with possible lessons for other departments struggling with significant complaint problems. The main reforms included improved custody procedures, greater attention to ethics in recruitment and training, a complaints system focused on managing officer behaviour, enlarged external oversight, and more attention to de-escalation skills in use-of-force training.     

关于持有、使用假币罪的认定

随着社会经济的不断发展,有关货币方面的犯罪越来越多,持有、使用假币的犯罪也时有发生。在司法实践中,在认定持有、使用假币罪的时候,存在许多容易使人们混淆的认识。文章主要探讨了在认定此罪时应注意的持有、使用假币罪与其他犯罪的界限以及罪数形态问题。     

《核不扩散条约》缔约国和平利用核能的权利探究——以伊朗为例

近来,伊朗所声称的和平利用核能的活动引起了国际社会的强烈反应。在国际原子能机构框架内解决该问题的努力失败后,该问题被移交到联合国安理会。安理会已三次通过决议要求伊朗停止铀浓缩,并逐步加强了对伊朗的制裁。由于伊朗享有核主权,并且这种核主权受到《核不扩散条约》的确认,所以伊朗和平利用核能的权利具有充分的法律依据。但是伊朗和平利用核能的权利应受到三点限制:第一,权利不得滥用原则的限制;第二,《保障协定》及其《附加议定书》的限制;第三,安理会决议的限制。     

论合作作品的认定

合作作品是二人以上合作创作的作品,认定合作作品的标准一般采主观共创意图和客观共创行为“二要件说”,但是主观共创意图的要求与著作权法原理相悖,在实践中也没有实益,因此应当以客观的共创行为作为认定的唯一标准。     

Preparation of a low-cost fingerprint powder that harnesses white light to emit long-lived phosphorescence

An inexpensive, commercially available doped strontium aluminate phosphor with long-lived afterglow has been prepared and assessed in the role of a luminescent fingerprint dusting powder. Blue, green, and aqua phosphorescence persisting for ca. 30 s was obtainable from treated fingermarks after charging the powders with the white light (400–700 nm) setting of a forensic light source. Imaging the phosphorescent afterglow enabled the elimination of background emissions encountered during latent fingermark examination. This was demonstrated by visualising fingermarks on substrates that possess inbuilt fluorescent security features and highly patterned substrate backgrounds, without any need for bespoke scientific equipment.     

挪用公款罪认定中的若干疑难问题

根据司法解释 ,挪用公款给私有公司、私有企业使用的属于归个人使用 ,这是值得商榷的。挪用公款归个人使用 ,进行非法活动的 ,应有犯罪数额起点的限制。挪用公款的具体用途作为客观构成要件是缺乏科学性和合理性的     

习近平用典的理论维度和政治艺术

用典,是一种重要的修辞手法。善于用典是无产阶级领袖政治艺术的重要体现。习近平总书记在党的十八大以来的一系列重要讲话、演讲和文章中,对于古今中外的典故,旁征博引、信手拈来,诠释精彩独到,寓意深刻隽永,展现了他精湛的用典艺术、非凡的政治智慧和高超的政治艺术。习近平用典涉猎范围宽广,形式丰富,并具有多视角和多维度的特点。他善用传统经典演绎治国方略,善用红色经典传承革命基因,善用中外经典诠释中国故事,善用自己的人生故事启迪后俊。因此,学习感悟习近平的用典艺术,对于提高领导干部的理论修养、政治水平、文化涵养和沟通表达能力具有十分重要的理论价值和现实意义。