试论我国《合同法》对第三人利益合同的规定——对我国《合同法》第64条的解释

学界和司法实践中对我国《合同法》第64条的理解和适用存在着争议。否定说认为该条文没有对第三人利益合同做出规定,第三人不享有直接请求权;宽泛肯定说认为《合同法》第64条规定了"第三人利益合同"以及"债务人依照约定而为交付"两种情况;不足肯定说认为该条文实际上规定了第三人利益合同,第三人可依据该条的规定享有履行请求权,只是该规定尚不明确,在我国尚未形成第三人利益制度。经过比较分析,宽泛肯定说更具合理性和现实意义。     

论数罪并罚可以适用缓刑——从解释论的视角出发

数罪并罚能否适用缓刑是一个有较大争议的问题.持反对立场学者的立论依据是对数罪社会危害性的实质判断,最高人民法院的司法解释也持类似立场.刑法解释应当贯彻形式解释优先的立场,对有利于被告人的刑法条文应坚持严格解释,不当地限缩解释违反了罪刑法定原则.对于该问题应采肯定说,是否适用缓刑应依据刑法判断是否符合缓刑适用条件,符合的依然可以适用缓刑.     

盗窃罪最新司法解释的理解与评析

盗窃罪最新司法解释的出台适应了经济社会发展的需要,破解了司法实践中适用法律方面的诸多问题,是贯彻落实宽严相济刑事政策的重要体现。新解释阐明了多次盗窃、入户盗窃、携带凶器盗窃、扒窃的概念及内涵,并对盗窃数额的认定方式进行修正,对指导执法办案具有重要意义。     

后立法时代的中国公司法可诉性

如何实现从文本主义公司法向实践主义公司法的历史性转变,是后立法时代中国公司法发展所面临的主要任务。如何实现公司法的可诉性则是实现这一转变的关键之所在。现有公司法无论是在实体法层面还是在程序设计层面均表现出不同程度的可诉性劣态。这种状况的改善有必要从宏观视域和微观途径两个方面入手加以解决。宏观视域主要立足于对公司可诉性应然价值的重塑和辨析,从而为完善公司可诉性的路径设计指明前进的方向;微观途径则倾向于对公司可诉性实然价值的把握,其基本做法是对公司可诉性的制度设计提出一些初步的构想。其最终目标是确立实体法、司法介入和主体参与三位一体的公司法可诉性逻辑架构并明确其各自的功能定位。     

法律解释规则及其运用研究(上)——法律解释规则的含义与问题意识

自上个世纪90年代以来,中国法律解释学研究走完了初级阶段,学者们对涉及学科发展的基本概念、原则、原理进行了较为清楚的梳理,学术思想进化的脉络也基本厘清,初步完成了基础理论的研究。然而,这并没有满足法治建设以及实务法律人对方法论的需求,因而需要进入细化阶段的研究——把复杂的解释理论转化为简约的解释规则,是法律人对法律方法论的重要期待。简约的法律解释规则代表了"学了容易懂,懂了就能用"的方法。西方法学以及中国律学的经验智慧中,有大量的法律解释规则,需要法律学人甄别、梳理,以方便法律适用。     

论我国宪法解释的特征与作用

宪法解释被认为是当代宪法理论和司法审查理论的核心.宪法解释具有不同于普通法律解释的政治性质、制度性质与规范特征,决定着其具有规范性、被动性、中立性和适应性.     

Hermeneutical dimensions of a media ethic

Abstract

This article explores the concept of a communication ethic, with specific reference to news practice. Can communication be ethically neutral? I would argue that it cannot and will show that certain hermeneutical elements (or aspects of interpretation theory) not only make communication possible, but morally accountable as well. Guided by the philosophy of Hans-Georg Gadamer, I will draw on a recent presentation by Donald Matheson, who teaches journalism at Canterbury University, in New Zealand. Three obstacles in the path towards a fuller ethical vision of news practice are initially examined: an emphasis on verification of factual presentation at the expense of meaning-making, the inadequacy of ethical discourses of independence and distrust of sources, and the methodological relationship between ethical discourse and practice. An alternative conceptualisation of news practice challenges the bias against understanding implicit in traditional news practice, discovers an intrinsic role for the subjectivity of the journalist and comes to recognise the importance of what Jake Lynch terms an ‘ethic of responsibility’. To the same end of a more accountable media ethic, certain key concepts of Gadamer's hermeneutical philosophy, such as openness, listening, close distance and self-knowledge, are introduced and briefly discussed.     

A detailed mechanistic fragmentation analysis of methamphetamine and select regioisomers by GC/MS

A novel ring-substituted methamphetamine regioisomer, N,alpha,4-trimethyl phenmethylamine, was synthesized in order to study the validity of proposed structures for various mass spectrometry (MS)-derived peaks in a methamphetamine fragmentation pattern. While other research efforts have studied aspects of methamphetamine in detail, a full fragmentation study has not been reported previously. In addition to showing molecular structures represented by fragment peaks, mechanisms for selected processes are detailed. An empirically derived procedure to easily determine by simple spectral peak pattern recognition the geometry of dimethyl- or ethyl-substituted immonium ions (RRC = N+ RR) where m/z = 58 is outlined. These results are platform independent for electron ionization (EI) instruments, but have also proven to be helpful in explaining spectral peaks observed in spectra from ion trap systems. The spectrum for the synthesized methamphetamine regioisomer was accurately predicted using this methodology. While this approach is useful in some casework, the converse may be more useful: when an unexpected or unusual peak pattern arises in a spectrum, being able to analyze it to determine the structure of the molecule. This paper gives an analyst the means to begin such retro-synthetic analyses.     

Value of DNA tests: a decision perspective

ABSTRACT: Before a Court of Law testifying in DNA‐evidence cases, scientists are often challenged with the idea that the more markers (loci) the better, i.e., why does the scientist not use 16 or more markers? This paper introduces a new perspective, decision analysis, to deal with the problem of the number of markers to type in a criminal context. The decision‐making process, which plays a key role in the routine work of a forensic scientist, consists of the rational choice, given personal objectives, between two or more possible outcomes when the consequences of the choice are uncertain. Simulated results support the hypothesis that analytical added value does not increase with the number of markers.     

实行行为的分类与解释论纲

根据不同的标准,实行行为可以区分为不同的类型,其中,复合的实行行为、拟制的实行行为、间接的实行行为、共同的实行行为和过失的实行行为具有特殊性,需要在刑法理论上特别研究。