市场呼唤面向社会服务的司法鉴定机构——对148起物证技术鉴定案件的总结

司法鉴定是服务于审判活动的科学实证活动 ,司法鉴定进入诉讼领域 ,实际上就是科学进入司法工作。我国现行的司法鉴定体制已经暴露出诸多弊端 ,这种现状与当前提出的以司法公正为核心 ,以司法公开为重点的司法改革目标直接相违背。公正与效率是 2 1世纪司法改革的主旋律 ,司法部决定创建新的司法鉴定制度 ,并对原有鉴定体制进行整合 ,其中心工作就是强化面向社会服务的司法鉴定 ,使其成为创建有中国特色司法鉴定制度的突破点。     

关于集体土地征收案件的争议焦点和裁判结果的调查与思考

来自数据库"北大法宝"和中国裁判文书网的22篇关于集体土地征收案件的终审裁判文书揭示了如下事实:集体土地征收案件的争议焦点主要集中在受案范围、原告资格、诉讼请求、起诉期限、起诉程序、管辖法院、土地征收程序及土地征收补偿等方面,而法院大多支持原审被告。这一现象说明,只有通过制度设计来降低司法维权的成本和提高司法维权的实效,才能引导土地被征收人通过司法途径维权。同时,还应当完善行政程序违法的判决形式、驳回诉讼请求判决的适用条件以及管辖权转移制度,加强涉农法制宣传教育。     

Out on a Limb: Appointing a Parenting Coordinator with Decision‐Making Authority in the Absence of a Statute or Rule

This Article addresses the issue of whether a court may appoint a Parenting Coordinator (PC) with decision‐making authority in the absence of a statute or court rule. The Article identifies possible sources of authority for the appointment of a PC with decision‐making authority in a state with no authorizing statute or court rule. It also provides a paradigm for constructing an appointment that allows for the benefits of Parenting Coordination but does not delegate decision‐making authority to an extent that it would constitute an impermissible delegation of judicial authority.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• Where a court seeks to appoint a PC with decision‐making authority in the absence of an authorizing statute or court rule, the court may find some authority allowing the appointment in (1) its equitable authority over child custody and visitation, (2) its authority to enforce its own orders, or (3) its authority to appoint other extrajudicial assistants such as a special master or mediator.
• Where a court seeks to appoint a PC with decision‐making authority in the absence of an authorizing statute or court rule, the court must craft an appointment that delegates enough decision‐making authority to the PC for parenting coordination to be effective yet, at the same time, not so much decision‐making authority as to render the appointment an impermissible delegation of a judicial function, specifically:
  • The PC's role should be limited to assisting the parties in implementing custody and visitation terms already decreed by the trial court.
  • A PC should be appointed only if the parties to the divorce consent to the appointment or if the trial court makes a finding that the case is a high‐conflict case.
  • The parties must have the opportunity for the trial court to meaningfully review any decision of the PC so that the trial court retains ultimate decision‐making authority.

     

Signaling and Counter‐Signaling in the Judicial Hierarchy: An Empirical Analysis of En Banc Review

We leverage the institutional features of American courts to evaluate the importance of whistleblowers in hierarchical oversight. Drawing on a formal theory of signaling in the judicial hierarchy, we examine the role of whistleblowing dissents in triggering en banc review of three‐judge panels by full circuits of the Courts of Appeals. The theory generates predictions about how dissent interacts with judicial preferences to influence circuits' review and reversal decisions, which we test using original and existing data. First, we show that judges who dissent counter to their preferences are more likely to see their dissents lead to review and reversal. Second, we show that dissents are most influential when the likelihood of non‐compliance by a three‐judge panel is highest. Our results underscore the importance of dissent in the judicial hierarchy and illustrate how judicial whistleblowers can help appellate courts target the most important cases for review.     

论民族经济法执行

从民族经济法执行的主体、执行的对象、执行的相对人的范围、执行的性质等方面来看 ,民族经济法执行是指中央国家行政机关和地方 (主要是民族地区 )国家行政机关在对少数民族经济和民族地区经济行使管理权过程中 ,组织、贯彻和实施民族经济法的活动。民族经济法执行的形式也就是执法主体组织、贯彻和实施民族经济法的形式 ,主要包括许可行为、征收行为、给付行为、强制行为以及民族经济法执行中的处罚行为。执法者的“经济人”理性决定了他们在执法中不但追求自身利益最大化 ,而且还存在各种形式的地方保护主义 ,这一切都需要我们通过必要的法律措施加以补救。