对青少年犯罪的实证研究

本文通过问卷测量法对75名犯罪青少年的数据进行了统计处理，对影响青少年犯罪的家庭、学校和社会等方面的因素进行了深入分析，并对此提出了预防青少年犯罪和犯罪青少年改造的策略，提出家庭要创立尊重、平等、信任的家庭环境；学校要科学、正确地进行法制教育和思想道德教育；全社会支持关注青少年教育，并重点提出要加强青少年心理健康教育。     

未成年人刑事检察独立建制新探索

本文所指的未成年人刑事检察独立建制集中体现为在人民检察院内部设立与其他科室同级的未成年人刑事检察科（处）。《人民检察院办理未成年人刑事案件的规定》规定：人民检察院一般应当设立专门工作机构,这是未成年人刑事检察独立建制的主要依据,未检检察实践表明未检独立建制是实现未成年人刑事检察一体化,贯彻落实宽严相济司法政策的有效载体。本文将主要围绕未成年人刑事检察独立建制的必要性展开论述。     

论治安管理处罚上的担保人与保证金制度

与其它行政处罚不同,立法没有为行政拘留设置听证程序,而是设计了担保人和保证金制度。由于缺乏对保证人责任追究措施的明确规定,加上拘留所为了追求非法经济利益,以及警察法治观念等方面的原因,这些规定并没有发挥预期作用。《治安管理处罚法》和其它新规定做了改进,强化了担保人责任,提高了保证金额度。为真正解决实际问题,建议还应该建立罚款与拘留期之间的转换制度。     

山西省青少年犯罪的情况、原因及对策

青少年犯罪已成为影响社会治安稳定的突出问题。青少年犯罪的主要原因是多方面的。因此 ,有效地预防和治理青少年犯罪 ,既需要强化社会、学校、家庭“三位一体”教育合力 ,更需要社会各界尽快建立、健全综合治理的社会预防体系。     

对青少年犯罪的德育预防方式探讨

德育预防青少年犯罪的作用要得以实现,必须注重并研究德育工作方式。在新形势下,德育可以采取确保德育在教育中的首要地位、重视教师的表率作用、研究德育内容与目标相契合的方法三种有效方式来开展。     

论拘留

拘留是一种重要的刑事诉讼强制措施 ,它的产生与发展是伴随着资产阶级人权观、民主观的产生而产生、建立而建立的 ,有其固有的缺陷。像其他刑事诉讼强制措施一样 ,它的实质是调和国家权与人权的矛盾。现行拘留制度过分强调对国家权的保护 ,而忽视或很少有对人权的保护 ,这都是要检讨和改进的。     

加强网吧管理与预防青少年违法犯罪

网吧经营不规范,管理不到位,导致网吧不良资讯泛滥。网吧提供虚幻、暴力、色情等有害信息,严重影响青少年身心健康,甚至诱发青少年违法犯罪,使青少年误入歧途。因此,应该采取有力措施,加强网吧安全管理,预防青少年违法犯罪。     

The ‘beyond parental control’ label in Nigeria

Recent reports in Nigeria indicate a geometric rise in incarcerated adolescents, with an overwhelming majority of this increase being attributed to adolescents being declared ‘beyond parental control’. There is a nagging suspicion that the Nigerian juvenile justice system has over criminalised adolescents by declaring them ‘beyond control’ when behavioural problems have actually resulted from child abuse/neglect and family disruption. A study was undertaken in a juvenile justice institution in Nigeria to assess the adequacy of pre-incarceration parental care among adolescents that had been declared as ‘beyond parental control’. The study included 75 adolescent boys that had been declared as ‘beyond parental control’ and a comparison group of 144 matched school going boys. It examined self-reports received from the adolescent boys regarding their pre-incarceration family life and social circumstances, as well as the behavioural problems they had experienced. The findings indicate that adolescent boys who were declared as ‘beyond parental control’ had a significantly higher lifetime history of behavioural problems than the comparison group, and they also had significantly higher indicators of pre-incarceration child abuse/neglect and problems with stability and consistency of primary support. These findings pose questions regarding the presumption of adequate parental care prior to the declaration of ‘beyond parental control’. It also raises questions about child rights protection and juvenile justice reform in Nigeria.     

A descriptive study of juvenile family violence: Data from intervention order applications in a Childrens Court

There is increasing recognition that family violence may be perpetrated by juveniles against their parents and siblings, however empirical research regarding the nature and causes of such violence is relatively limited. This study examines juvenile family violence in the context of an Intervention Order (IO) being sought against a relative aged 18 years or less. All cases over a 3-year period involving an IO application in a major metropolitan Children's Court in Australia were analysed (n = 438). The majority of applicants/victims were parents (78%) and to a lesser extent siblings (11%) and other relatives (9%). Most parents who sought applications were mothers (63%) and one-parent households were over-represented (66%). The majority of defendants/perpetrators were male (69%), though juvenile females constituted a significant minority (31%). Intervention orders were sought to prohibit property damage (61%), physical assaults (59%) and/or threats (53%). According to the victim reports, these behaviours emerged in the context of prolonged behavioural problems (49%), a desire to intimidate the victim (12%) or retaliation (8%). While 44% of IO applications were granted, the majority were not (56%) due to the victim discontinuing the application prior to a formal hearing. Of the orders that were granted, a third (32%) were subsequently reported as having been breached. Juvenile family violence is a serious social problem that requires more systematic research to identify the correlates of this behaviour and effective interventions to prevent or reduce its occurrence.     

看守所制度的规则系统检视与建构

看守所制度的规则系统具有形式上零散、内容上发展不平衡、演变滞后、规则内容和形式均相对封闭、演变方向明确的特征。产生前述状态的原因是看守所的地位不明确、基于犯罪是"邪恶的"的传统文化而产生的被羁押人员是"邪恶的"的认识、看守所制度规则的零散化和相对秘密化。看守所制度规则系统应当附属于刑事诉讼法的母系统,包括调整看守所和被羁押人员的关系、看守所与司法机关之间的关系、看守所和辩护人及诉讼代理人的关系以及保障看守所秩序的规范。这些规范在形式上表现为全国立法机构制定的法律、为保障法律实施的各种解释、看守所的内部管理规则和外部秩序保障规范的三级规范。