Vom Außerstreitgericht verhängte Geldstrafe zur Durchsetzung der Rechnungslegungspflicht des WE-Verwalters trotz des über sein Vermögen verhängten Konkurses

Die au?erstreitrichterliche Verh?ngung einer Geldstrafe gem § 34 Abs 3 WEG 2002 zur Durchsetzung der Rechnungslegungspflicht des WE-Verwalters ist ein Sachbeschluss iSd § 37 Abs 3 Z 13 MRG, weshalb die (Revisions-)Rekursfrist nach Z 16 leg cit 4 Wochen betr?gt. Da das Verfahren nach § 34 Abs 3 WEG 2002 jenem zur Erzwingung einer unvertretbaren Handlung gem § 354 Abs 1 EO entspricht, liegt nicht mehr ein Erkenntnis-, sondern bereits ein in das wohnrechtliche Au?erstreitverfahren integriertes Vollstreckungsverfahren mittels Beugestrafen vor, was daher auf Grund der §§ 10 bis 12a KO nicht zur Unterbrechung des über das Verm?gen des WE-Verwalters er?ffneten Konkurses führt.     

Von den WE-Bewerbern in den Kaufverträgen vereinbarte künftige Lifterrichtung im WE-Haus – Aktivlegitimation der Eigentümergemeinschaft über Aufteilung und Ersatz der vorfinanzierten Lifterrichtungskosten

Die von den WE-Bewerbern in den Kauf- und WE-Vertr?gen vereinbarte künftige Errichtung eines Lifts im WE-Haus ist eine Ma?nahme der gemeinschaftlichen Liegenschaftsverwaltung. Deshalb stehen Ansprüche auf finanzielle Beteiligung der einzelnen Wohnungseigentümer (hier: anteiliger Aufwandersatzanspruch eines Wohnungseigentümers nach § 1014 ABGB, der die Errichtungskosten als rechtsgesch?ftlich bestellter Unterbevollm?chtigter des WE-Verwalters vorfinanziert hat) nur der teilrechtsf?higen Eigentümergemeinschaft zu, die organschaftlich durch den WE-Verwalter vertreten wird. Der vorfinanzierende Wohnungseigentümer hingegen ist dazu nicht aktiv legitimiert.     

人参注射液合缺血预处理对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:观察人参注射液合缺血预处理对缺血再灌注家兔心肌的保护作用.方法:复制家兔心肌缺血再灌注模型,观察人参注射液、缺血预处理及人参注射液合缺血预处理对模型家兔心肌耗氧量和血浆中Na ,K -ATP酶含量的影响.结果:人参注射液、缺血预处理均能降低心肌耗氧量,升高血浆Na ,K -ATP酶含量,与单纯缺血再灌注组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而人参注射液合缺血预处理作用最显著(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论:人参注射液能加强缺血预处理对心肌的保护作用.     

Phenolphthalein False‐Positive Reactions from Legume Root Nodules

Presumptive tests for blood play a critical role in the examination of physical evidence and in the determination of subsequent analysis. The catalytic power of hemoglobin allows colorimetric reactions employing phenolphthalein (Kastle‐Meyer test) to indicate “whether” blood is present. Consequently, DNA profiles extracted from phenolphthalein‐positive stains are presumed to be from blood on the evidentiary item and can lead to the identification of “whose” blood is present. Crushed nodules from a variety of legumes yielded phenolphthalein false‐positive reactions that were indistinguishable from true bloodstains both in color quality and in developmental time frame. Clothing and other materials stained by nodules also yielded phenolphthalein false‐positive reactivity for several years after nodule exposure. Nodules from leguminous plants contain a protein (leghemoglobin) which is structurally and functionally similar to hemoglobin. Testing of purified leghemoglobin confirmed this protein as a source of phenolphthalein reactivity. A scenario is presented showing how the presence of leghemoglobin from nodule staining can mislead investigators.     

Analysis of Positive Control STR Experiments Reveals that Results Obtained for FGA,D3S1358, and D13S317 Condition the Success Rate of the Analysis of Routine Reference Samples

About 120,000 reference samples are analyzed each year in the Forensic Laboratory of Lyon. A total of 1640 positive control experiments used to validate and optimize the analytical method in the routine process were submitted to a multivariate exploratory data analysis approach with the aim of better understanding the underlying sources of variability. The peak heights of the 16 genetic markers targeted by the AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® STR kit were used as variables of interest. Six different 3130xl genetic analyzers located in the same controlled environment were involved. Two major sources of variability were found: (i) the DNA load of the sample modulates all peak heights in a similar way so that the 16 markers are highly correlated, (ii) the genetic analyzer used with a locus‐specific response for peak height and a better sensitivity for the most recently acquired. Three markers (FGA, D3S1358, and D13S317) were found to be of special interest to predict the success rate observed in the routine process.     

小鼠脑外伤后Apelin-13对自噬相关蛋白表达的影响

目的观察Apelin-13对小鼠脑外伤（Traumaticbraininjury,TBI）自噬相关蛋白的影响,并初步探讨其对小鼠脑外伤后自噬相关蛋白调节的作用机制。方法取健康雄性CD-1小鼠,随机分为假手术（sham）组、生理盐水（sa-line）组、Apelin-13组。Apelin-13组和saline组在建立脑外伤模型前10min,分别注射Apelin-13（0．3μg／g）或等量生理盐水于侧脑室,然后利用Western-Blot检测脑外伤后24h、48h组大脑皮质自噬相关蛋白LC3、P62、Beclin-1和Bcl-2等的表达情况。结果与sham组相比,在脑外伤后24h、48h,saline组自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅱ／LC3-Ⅰ比值,Beclin-1的蛋白表达均被显著上调（P〈0．01）;同时Bcl-2、P62的蛋白表达水平被显著下调。然而,与saline组相比,Apelin-13组可显著下调自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅱ／LC3-Ⅰ比值和Beclin-1的蛋白表达水平（P〈0．01）;同时显著上调Bcl-2和P62的表达水平;亦明显降低Beclin-1／Bcl-2的比值。结论Apelin-13可以明显抑制脑外伤后小鼠大脑皮质细胞的自噬活性,这一作用可能是通过调节Beclin-1、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平来实现的。     

Technology and torts: Memory costs, nondurable precautions and interference effects

This article examines the influence of nondurable precaution technologies on the expansion of tort awards. We provide four contributions to the literature. First, we present a general, formal model on durable and non-durable precaution technology that focuses on memory costs. Second, because liability exposure creates interference, we argue that tort law perpetuates the expansion of awards. Third, because plaintiffs do not consider the social costs of interference effects, private litigation induces socially excessive suits. Fourth, while new harm-reducing technologies likely increase accident rates, such technologies also raise the ratio of trial costs to harm, leaving undetermined the overall effect of new technologies on the rate of litigation.     

Developmental validation of the AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler® Plus PCR Amplification Kit: an established multiplex assay with improved performance

Abstract: Analysis of length polymorphism at short tandem repeat (STR) loci utilizing multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) remains the primary method for genotyping forensic samples. The AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® Plus PCR Amplification Kit is an improved version of the AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® PCR Amplification Kit and amplifies the core CODIS loci: D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, CSF1PO, FGA, TH01, TPOX, and vWA. Additional loci amplified in the multiplex reaction are the sex‐determinant, amelogenin, and two internationally accepted loci, D2S1338 and D19S433. While the primer sequences and dye configurations were unchanged, the AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® Plus PCR Amplification Kit features an enhanced buffer formulation and an optimized PCR cycling protocol that increases sensitivity, provides better tolerance to PCR inhibitors, and improves performance on mixture samples. The AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® Plus PCR Amplification Kit has been validated according to the FBI/National Standards and Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) guidelines. The validation results support the use of the AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® Plus PCR Amplification Kit for human identity and parentage testing.     

Y-chromosome and autosomal STR diversity in four proximate settlements in Central Anatolia

Due to the longstanding human presence in the region and the influence of social traditions, the genetic make-up of populations currently inhabiting Turkey (Anatolia) is quite complex. To characterize the patterns of genetic diversity in rural Central Anatolian villages, we analyzed samples collected at four local settlements for variation at 17 Y-chromosome STR and 15 autosomal STR loci. The resulting data reveal considerable diversity within these settlements, as well as some structure in the paternal genetic variation, with a limited number of haplotypes being shared between the communities. These findings have important implications for forensic studies of Turkish populations.     

Validation of Half‐Reaction Amplification Using Promega PowerPlex® 16*

Abstract: DNA amplification is a fundamental yet costly process used in DNA analysis. This study evaluated half‐reaction amplification (12.5, 12, and 13 uL) using the Promega Powerplex^® 16 Kit with the hope of reducing sample analysis costs by half. A sensitivity study was completed, along with the testing of various blood stain samples including those with low (<0.40 ng) and high DNA concentrations (>3.0 ng), peak height imbalances, and allelic drop‐out. Also, 467 samples submitted to the MUFSC laboratory for testing were analyzed. Results indicate that half‐reaction amplification produced higher quality profiles than full‐reactions. Average peak heights increased by 85%, peak height imbalances improved, and drop‐out was eliminated in 75.8% of samples. Only eight of 467 case samples required re‐amplification, a success rate of 94% was observed, and the repeat rate decreased significantly. Finally, a DNA input of 0.25–1.0 ng is ideal for half‐reaction amplification.