脑损伤可能导致“道德罗盘”失灵──一种犯罪原因的神经病理学观点

美国神经学家达马索等人新近的研究成果表明,在幼小的时候有过脑额叶损伤的人,会导致“脑罗盘”功能混乱,难以学习社会行为规范,以致于分不清行为的是非,长大之后容易表现出违法犯罪行为。这种关于犯罪原因的神经病理学观点,为如何对这类犯罪人员量刑和如何教育他们提出了一些有待研究的新课题。     

职务犯罪的制度预防新论

职务犯罪是权力异化的产物,预防职务犯罪的关键在于通过制度建设来制约权力。科学、合理的预防职务犯罪的制度设计应当具有系统性和可操作性,通过建立并完善包括权力配置制度、权力运行制度、权力监督制度和法律惩治制度在内的制度体系,达到从根本上预防职务犯罪的目的。     

论互有过失船舶碰撞造成船员人身伤亡的责任负担

分析了一般人身损害赔偿案件中工伤保险赔偿与民事侵权损害赔偿的关系,讨论了互有过失船舶碰撞造成船员人身伤亡案件中的工伤保险和民事损害赔偿的关系,明确了此类案件中的责任承担问题。     

Comparison of injuries caused by the pistols Tokarev,Makarov and Glock 19 at firing distances of 25, 50, 75 and 100 cm

Firings in the horizontal direction at cloth targets and at human skin from autopsy material were performed using the pistols 7.62 mm Tokarev (TT), 9 mm Makarov (PM) and 9 mm × 19 mm Glock 19 with common ammunition.     

交通事故致眼部伤残84例分析

目的研究交通事故眼部损伤的致伤方式、损伤特征、伤残等级鉴定等相关问题。方法对本所2007年3月至2009年3月鉴定的84例交通事故眼部损伤致残案例进行回顾性分析．分别研究其致残原因、鉴定时机及鉴定方法。结果视力障碍是最主要的致残原因，其余如眼球缺失，眼睑、泪器损伤和外伤性白内障及视野缺损等情形则相对少见；大部分眼外伤均为单眼损伤，致残后果也多为Ⅶ～Ⅹ级。结论通过一些测试和视觉电生理技术，可有效地提高视力障碍鉴定的准确性：对于一些存有眼部既往疾病的伤者，应要求其尽可能提供伤前视力或眼科资料；对于一些视觉功能存在变化可能的眼部损伤，可适当延后鉴定时机。     

警察职业心理危机及其干预机制研究

导致警察职业心理危机存在的原因主要有职业因素、个体因素和社会因素等三个方面.公安机关应建立一套系统、有效的警察阵业心理危机干预机制.其内容包括:加强对警察行业心理危机源的控制;培养警察的自我压弹能力;加强警察危机处理方式教育;训练警察利用社会支持的意识和能力;建立危机预警机制;加强应急性心理危机干预;专业干预队伍的建设与培养.     

The Effect of Coercion on Aggression and Mental Health Among Reciprocally Violent Couples

Researchers have not investigated mental health outcomes among couples who are reciprocally violent towards each other. The present study investigated differences in partner violence (psychological, physical, and sexual) and mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, hostility, and somatic) between two types of reciprocally violent couples: situational couple violence (SCV) and mutual control violence (MVC). SCV couples use violence to address stressful family conflicts, while MVC couples use violence as a tool to control each other. Participants (N = 609) completed surveys that contained several instruments that measured past violence, coercive behaviors, physical injuries, and mental health symptoms. Results revealed that MVC reported significantly higher levels of violent perpetration and worse physical and mental health than SCV. These findings have implications for understanding the role of coercion in partner violence and mental health, which can be used for the development of appropriate mental health services for couples who are mutually violent towards each other.     

TAR DNA结合蛋白43的表达与脑损伤的相关性研究进展

TAR DNA结合蛋白43(TAR DNA-binding domain protein 43,TDP-43)是一种高度保守、广泛表达的核蛋白。如今发现TDP-43在大多数神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默症患者中表达,为神经退行性疾病相关的标记蛋白。本文从目前国内外的研究现状出发,围绕TDP-43的表达与脑损伤的相关性,在对TDP-43生物学特性认识的基础上,着重探讨TDP-43在急、慢性颅脑损伤中的特殊表达与作用,从而探索TDP-43在法医病理学中确定死亡原因、判定致伤致残情况的可行性。     

Violence against mental health care professionals: prevalence,nature and consequences

In this study, the prevalence, nature and consequences of violence against mental health care professionals are examined. Dutch mental health professionals working in clinical psychiatry were approached to fill in an online questionnaire on their personal experiences with physical violent incidents. It appeared that 67% of the 1534 respondents were victim of at least one physical violent incident in the past five years. In total, the 1534 respondents reported they had encountered 2648 physical violent incidents. In some cases, the consequences were very severe, not only for the victim but also for the employer. Some groups of professionals appear to have an increased risk of being victimized. The findings show that the violence that mental health professionals encounter is a substantial and severe problem that no longer should be disregarded.     

Deaths Due to Child Abuse: A 6‐Year Review of Cases in The Cook County Medical Examiner's Office

Case files from the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office from 2007 to 2012 were reviewed to analyze homicides due to physical child abuse in children <3 years old. Fatal cases mostly involved younger subjects. Intracranial injuries were the leading cause of death, while death due to extracranial injuries was uncommon. Eyes were involved in most of the cases. Spinal cord was involved in about 1/3 of the cases, mostly in the thoracic area. In some cases, previous injuries were present. There were significant differences in the pattern of injuries between age groups. Subjects showing signs of impact to the head and subjects with no evidence of an impact showed no significant difference in internal injuries. The association of multiple injuries is highly suggestive of child abuse. In suspected child abuse, a postmortem examination including neuropathological, ophthalmological, and radiological information should be always evaluated, together with investigative reports and the medical history.