Postmortem MSCT Diagnosis of Whiplash Injuries in a Traffic Accident: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A 45-year-old male car driver died in a traffic accident of four cars rear-end collision on the highway.He was found to have died after a respiratory and cardiac arrest at the scene.No sign of skin injuries was observed from the external inspection.The autopsy was not permitted by the family members because of the local culture.Multislice computed tomography(MSCT)was applied to the current case,showing dislocation of C3~4cervical vertebrae withⅡdegree,C4vertebral plate fractures,and spinal stenosis.Post-mortem MSCT confirmed the diagnosis as whiplash injuries.MSCT was verified to be effective in showing the severity of whiplash injuries,thus providing certain objective evidence for medicolegal expertise.     

Conducted Energy Devices (CEDs) and Citizen Injuries: The Shocking Empirical Reality

As one of the contemporary additions to the use of force spectrum, conducted energy devices (CEDs) have been surrounded by controversy. Such concerns have fueled a number of studies, many of which have attempted to examine the relationship between CEDs and citizen injuries. This limited body of research, however, has produced inconsistent results and suffers from a number of documented drawbacks. Drawing on data collected as part of a national multi‐agency use of force project, the current study analyzes nearly 14,000 use‐of‐force incidents across seven agencies, over 2,600 of which involve a CED, to assess the potential impact of CEDs on citizen injuries. In doing so, a series of multivariate statistical models are employed that isolate CED cases and compare them to a number of both hands‐on and weapon‐based tactics. Unlike previous research, which often highlights the beneficial aspects of CEDs in relation to injuries, our findings generally show an increased risk between the use of CEDs and citizen injuries. As such, more research is needed before deriving any conclusions as to the “safeness” of CEDs, especially in relation to the choice between using a CED or an alternative means of dispute resolution (either hands‐on physical force or another weapon).     

骨盆损伤鉴定的影像学检查方法选择探讨

目的通过研究骨盆结构和常用影像学检查方法,对骨盆损伤的影像学检查方法的选择提出建议。方法研究数例法医学鉴定中骨盆损伤的案例,结合骨盆环的生物力学和骨盆损伤分型,并对X线透视、X线摄片检查、CT等检查方法进行比较。结果四个骨盆损伤案例都是多发损伤,通过X线和CT检查均能满意地确认。结论结合骨盆致伤方式和生物力学,注意被鉴定人是否存在多发伤,来选择适合的影像学检查方法以正确评价骨盆损伤。     

脑外伤认知障碍者神经心理学评价研究

目的探讨神经心理学检测指标在脑外伤者认知功能障碍评定中的应用价值。方法对脑外伤后认知障碍者进行中国修订韦氏成人智力量表、韦氏记忆量表及计算机化神经行为评价系统部分项目等神经心理学检测,按照原发性损伤程度和专家鉴定结论分别编组,对检测结果进行分析。结果损伤程度组填图、长时记忆、瞬时记忆、视觉保留及视简单反应时项目得分,轻型组高于中、重型组(P<0.05),其余项目(木块图、知识、相似、曲线吻合及数字筛选)组间差异无统计学意义。专家鉴定组中长时记忆、瞬时记忆、视觉保留、视简单反应时、曲线吻合及数字筛选得分值随认知功能障碍程度加重而逐渐降低,其中前4项组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而韦氏智力测验4个项目较轻组与较重组得分接近,且均低于中度组,其中3项得分比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论原发性脑外伤与认知障碍严重程度有一定相关性,但相关检测项目显示不完全平行,在进行鉴定中应选择更为可靠的检测项目。     

新华侨华人的职业结构及其影响因素——美国与加拿大的比较

本文用人口社会学理论分析了美国和加拿大新华侨华人的职业结构及影响因素.文章认为,20世纪70年代后进入美国和加拿大的华人应被视为新华侨华人.目前,海外华侨华人大约3500万,美国华人有330万,加拿大华裔有120万.美国和加拿大新增加的华人人口中,新华侨华人约占2/3.加拿大的新华侨华人主要集中在大城市,其中70%以上集中在多伦多、温哥华.19世纪至20世纪60年代美国华人移民基本上集中在西海岸地区,从1970年开始,华人集中而居的状况开始发生变化,区域分散化趋势日渐明显.美国和加拿大新华侨华人的职业结构总体上发生了巨大的变化,即由体力型向智力型转变,新华侨华人的经济地位也随之提高了很多.但是,新华侨华人中贫富差别严重.影响新华侨华人职业结构的因素有:美、加、中三国移民政策的调整放宽了对移民出入境的限制;华人人口结构发生的变化影响了其职业结构;知识结构的变化和劳动力市场也对新华侨华人职业结构产生了不可忽视的影响.     

Animal-related fatalities--part I: characteristic autopsy findings and variable causes of death associated with blunt and sharp trauma

Animals may be responsible for an array of potentially lethal injuries. Blunt force injuries characteristically involve larger animals such as cattle or horses that may kick, crush, or trample a victim causing head and facial injuries. Farm workers in particular are at high risk of lethal injuries involving the head and torso. Significant blunt trauma may be found in vehicle occupants after collisions with large animals such as camels or moose. Rarely, zookeepers may be crushed by particularly massive animals such as elephants. Sharp force injuries usually involve carnivore bites, most often from dogs with a "hole and tear" pattern of wounding. Injuries from animals such as alligators and sharks may have a significant component of crushing. Incised wounds may result in death from exsanguination and air embolism. On occasion, blunt or sharp trauma from animal activity may be confused with postmortem damage or with inflicted injury from an assault.     

家兔死后体表锐器伤出血现象的研究

目的对家兔死后体表锐器损伤出血现象进行研究,以期能够贴近实际办案需要,找到一个更为实用的鉴别生前锐器伤和死后锐器伤的方法。方法家兔脱毛,制作锐器损伤模型,采用大体观察结合HE染色镜下组织病理学观察。结果死后锐器损伤出血量均较少,随着时间延长出血量减少,出血速度慢。死后30min的锐器损伤在形成过程与生前损伤有所区别,但在死后12h肉眼观察结果与生前损伤难以区别。死后1h以上的锐器损伤与生前损伤不同之处在于创缘不会被血染。结论位于尸体低下位置的死后30min内的锐器创与生前锐器创的区别是出血量相对较少。死后60min-90min的锐器伤出血量少,创缘皮肤不被血染,肌肉的出血较局限,与生前损伤相鉴别较容易。     

大鼠局灶性脑挫伤后p35及p25的表达变化

目的探讨大鼠局灶性脑挫伤后脑中p35和p25表达变化的时间规律性,为脑损伤时间推断提供更多依据。方法50只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为损伤即刻(0h)组,伤后6h、12h、24h、3d、5d、7d、10d组,同时设立正常组和假手术组,每组5只,建立大鼠局灶性脑挫伤模型,运用HE、免疫组织化学染色及Western印迹法等方法检测损伤不同时间后损伤周边区脑组织p35及p25的蛋白表达。结果正常组和假手术组蛋白表达较多p35和少量p25。在局部脑挫伤后,p35随时间呈现单峰变化,p25随时间呈现双峰变化。结论大鼠局灶性脑挫伤后p35和p25的表达呈现不同规律性并有较好的时间相关性,可为脑损伤时间推断提供较好的依据。     

论互有过失船舶碰撞造成船员人身伤亡的责任负担

分析了一般人身损害赔偿案件中工伤保险赔偿与民事侵权损害赔偿的关系,讨论了互有过失船舶碰撞造成船员人身伤亡案件中的工伤保险和民事损害赔偿的关系,明确了此类案件中的责任承担问题。     

脑外伤后短时间内死亡尸体脑干病理变化

建立脑干机械性损伤（肉眼无明显改变）致迅速死亡的动物模型,应用免疫组化、分子生物学、电镜及图像分析等方法,研究脑千损伤的物质基础——神经元、轴索、胶质细胞、血脑屏障。研究结果表明：脑外伤后短时内死亡是脑干损伤的结果,白蛋白、纤维联结蛋白、神经微丝蛋白、胶质纤维酸性蛋白、原癌基因c－Fos等可作为诊断脑干损伤早期病变的指标。在实验研究的基础上,将上述指标应用于怀疑脑干损伤致死案例,验证了这些指标的实用价值,以期为脑外伤后短时间内死亡案例的死因判定提供客观证据,为颅脑损伤的临床救治工作指明重点。